Pig artificial insemination technology is an artificial method to collect the semen of boars. After a series of treatments such as semen quality inspection, dilution and preservation, the semen is input into the genital tract of the estrus sow to achieve the purpose of fertility breeding. Compared with natural mating, it has the advantages of improving the utilization rate of excellent boars, improving the uniformity of commercial pigs, reducing the number of breeding boars, saving expenses, and overcoming the difficulties in the delivery of male and female pigs when they differ in physical size. At present, the economic benefits from the application of artificial insemination in pigs have been recognized by the pig-breeding community in China. The use of artificial insemination in pigs is increasing rapidly. It is estimated that the penetration rate of domestic pig insemination technology in large-scale pig farms can reach 30 within 3-5 years. About % (Zhang Shouquan, 1998c). The key to the success of artificial insemination in pigs is whether the fertility rate and the number of litters can be increased. This paper observed that the Landrace, Large White, and Duroc pigs on a farm use artificial insemination and natural mating to fertilize their abortions. The rate and the number of litters were used to provide a basis for a better understanding of the application feasibility of the pig artificial insemination technology for lean pig farms and better promotion of artificial insemination technology for pigs.
Materials and Methods
1.1 Test materials
1.1.1 Test animals: Great White, Landrace, Duroc
1.1.2 Main Instruments Required for Artificial Insemination
Microscope, Pig sperm density meter, Constant temperature water bath, 17°C semen storage box, Drying oven, 37°C thermostatic plate, Insulation cup, Electronic balance, Disposable food bag, Insemination bottle, Vaser, Gauze.
1.2 Test methods
1.2.1 Natural mating
The timely estrus sows are rushed into the breeding column, and the designated boars are bred with them. The method of repeated breeding is used, that is, the sows are bred twice in the same period by using the same boar for 12 hours in one estrus period. During the breeding process, some measures are taken to help natural mating. For example, if a boar crosses and then opens the sow's tail, the boar's abdomen is lightly lifted, and the boar's penis is inserted into the sow's vagina.
1.2.2 Artificial insemination
1.2.2.1 Semen collection and semen processing
According to the requirements of the Technical Specification for Pig Insemination Station (Zhang Shouquan, 1998a), the preparatory work for pre-seizure should be done. The concentrated semen of boar semen should be collected by hand, and semen quality should be checked on the semen collected. Counting, the vitality of more than 0.7, malformation rate below 18% can be diluted, the determination of the dilution factor, according to each insemination volume contains 4 billion total sperm, insemination volume 80-100ml determine the dilution factor. Diluent and semen are required to be isothermally diluted. The temperature difference between the two does not exceed 1°C. After dilution, the spermatozoa are allowed to stand still for a moment to be examined for sperm viability, and no significant changes in vitality are performed. After sub-assembly, set the temperature at 22-25°C for 1 hour and store in a 17°C semen storage box.
1.2.2.2 Insemination
After obtaining the report that the sow has started estrus, according to the sow's age, the time and duration of the estrus, the appearance change, etc., the timely insemination is determined. During the first estrus, the insemination occurs three times. The first time the estrus sow has stood up. The reaction takes place in the morning, afternoon, morning or afternoon, morning and afternoon insemination. The specific measures are: (1) Microscopic examination of pigs that have been stored for more than 24 hours before insemination should be performed in insemination if the vigor is above 0.7; (2) The sows should be moved to nearby boars during insemination Column; (3) Wash the sows around the vulva and tail with clean water and dry them with a clean towel; (4) Remove the non-contaminating disposable vas deferens from the sealed bag and apply semen as a lubricating fluid on the front end of the sow. Insert the horn upward into the sow's reproductive tract and turn clockwise. When there is resistance, continue to rotate slowly and move forward and backward until the front end of the vas deferens is locked; (5) Connect the porcine sperm to the vas deferens and begin insemination. When inseminating, press back to stimulate the sow, increase the infusion bottle so that semen depends on uterine contraction to produce negative pressure to absorb into the sow uterus; (6) Insemination time requires 3-5 minutes, after a sow is lost, the vas deferens The back end is folded in a small section and placed in the infusion bottle to prevent air ingress and semen backflow, allowing the vas deferens to slide freely (1998b).
Test results and analysis
The effects of Duroc sows using natural mating and artificial insemination on their fertility rate and litter size were compared.
Discussion and conclusion
3.1 Comparison of using artificial insemination and natural mating
From the statistical results and analysis, it can be seen that the difference in conception rate and litter size between the three breeds of pigs using artificial insemination and natural mating are not significant, but the absolute value of the conception of artificial fertilization in three breeds of pigs is lower than natural mating. Although the number of litters littered by artificial insemination is higher than that of natural mating, the degree of variation is large and the number of litters is not stable. Some litter size is as high as 17 and some are only 4, which can explain the technique of artificial insemination. Need to be further improved. According to observations and surveys, the reasons are: irregular breeding personnel, differences in the level of breeding technicians, instability in exposed boars, and inaccurate estrus assessment (Flowers, 1998). To achieve the desired effect of artificial insemination, the above reasons must be considered. Improve. It is recommended to provide technical training for artificial insemination technicians during the promotion of artificial insemination so as to enable them to master a complete set of mature artificial insemination techniques and provide technical guarantees for improving the conception rate. This is of great significance for the operation of pig breeding using artificial insemination for breeding.
3.2 Comparison of effects of artificial insemination using different varieties
From Table 4, it can be known that the fertility rate and litter size of Duroc, Landrace, and Great White were not significantly different when using artificial insemination, but the number of flat litters in the Duroc WoW was lower because of Duroc's reproductive performance. Longer White Pigs and Large White Pigs are low (Guo Youhai, 1997). Therefore, this has nothing to do with artificial insemination, so it can be shown that the use of artificial insemination in different species has no difference in conception rate and litter size.
3.3 Comparison of Costs of Using Artificial Insemination and Natural Mating
Natural mating of a boar can bear the natural mating of 25 sows per year. A boar can bear the breeding load of 25 sows per year, and artificial insemination can theoretically be used with more than 250 sows in one year. If 1000 sows are allocated for 1 year, 40 breeding boars are required for natural mating, and only 4 artificial inseminations are required. Each boar consumes 750 kg of food throughout the year, the cost of feed is about 1,500 yuan, and the total cost of feed is saved by artificial insemination. yuan. With the elimination of 1/3 boars per year, 13 natural matings were eliminated, 2 were eliminated by artificial insemination, and the cost of purchasing boars was 44,000 yuan, which was calculated at 4,000 yuan per boar. Using artificial insemination technology Each sow loses about 33 yuan per year (including one-time infusion bottles, vas deferens, diluents, electricity bills, etc.). It costs 33,000 yuan to breed 1000 sows. The comprehensive calculation of the use of artificial insemination and breeding 1000 sows can save costs 65,000 yuan. Together with the savings in the cost of constructing the boar bar, labor costs, etc., the economic benefits of using artificial insemination are obvious. . Therefore, under the premise of improving the conception rate and stabilizing the number of litters, artificial insemination technology is worth promoting.
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