In summer, fish grow rapidly, making it a critical time for pond management. During this season, feed and organic matter in the water decompose quickly, and if not properly managed, can lead to poor water quality, which may cause fish diseases or even death. Effective management requires careful attention, consistent effort, and a proactive approach.
Feeding should be done carefully. Water temperatures typically range between 25-30°C in summer. Fish should be fed twice daily with concentrated feed, once or twice with green feed, and once with fresh shellfish. The amount of food should be adjusted based on several factors: (1) the feeding behavior of the fish—feed should be fully consumed within 30 minutes for concentrate feed, and green feed should be eaten completely by the end of the day; (2) weather conditions—on sunny days, fish tend to eat more, so feed accordingly, while on hot days when fish are less active, reduce feeding to avoid leftover food that can spoil.
Fertilization must also be done wisely. For ponds where fish are fed through fertilizers, it's important to maintain proper nutrient levels without overloading the water. From May to June, organic fertilizers like manure are applied every 7–10 days, about 100 kg per acre. In July to September, application is reduced or stopped, and chemical fertilizers are used every 4–6 days. If the water becomes too clear or the color is light yellow or dark green, increase fertilizer. If the water is too dark or has a brownish or oily appearance, reduce or stop fertilizing.
Regular patrols are essential. Conduct at least two to three rounds of inspection each day. Check for fish floating at the surface before dawn, monitor their eating habits in the afternoon, and observe throughout the day for any signs of distress. If the weather changes suddenly, check the pond around midnight. If floating heads are observed, stop feeding and fertilizing immediately, add fresh water, increase aeration, and adjust the water quality. If water sources are limited, use 100 tons of yellow mud mixed with 5 kg of salt or 2.5 kg of gypsum powder per mu of water to help improve conditions.
Cleaning is also crucial. Remove leftover grasses, debris, and large roots that cannot be broken down. Move the feeding racks regularly, clean the feeding areas, sprinkle lime on them, and apply preventive treatments as needed.
Water quality should be maintained through regular water changes, aeration, and bottom stirring. Add new water every 7–10 days, changing 10–15 cm each time to keep the water depth at 1.5–2 meters. If the water becomes severely polluted, drain one-third of the pond and replace it with fresh water. Use aerators during the summer, especially in densely stocked ponds. Aerator should be turned on at 2–3 AM on sunny days to improve oxygen levels. If there’s a risk of fish floating, run the aerator continuously. Stir the pond bottom every 10 days to promote decomposition of organic matter, preferably during midday on sunny days. Apply quicklime monthly—about 15 kg per acre for ponds with an average depth of 1 meter.
Disease prevention is vital in summer. Clean the shore, feeding areas, and bait stations every 15 days, and disinfect with bleach or lime. Every 20 days, apply 250 g of copper sulfate and 125 g of ferrous sulfate per acre to prevent bacterial infections. Feed garlic mixed with feed 2–3 times a month—500 g of crushed garlic per 100 kg of fish—for 3–4 days to prevent digestive issues.
Finally, maintaining a detailed record is essential. Fish farmers should keep a breeding diary for each pond, noting stocking dates, species, sizes, weights, daily feeding schedules, fertilizer types and amounts, water quality management, and disease prevention efforts. This helps in tracking progress and improving future practices.
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