In order to further improve the technical service of autumn agricultural production, ensure the smooth progress of agricultural production in autumn, and provide technical support for the realization of agricultural efficiency and increase of farmers' income, the following fall guidance for agricultural production technology is provided for reference.
First, grain and oil crops
(a) Rice
1. Currently, the city has entered the Datian management stage in order to promote the early stage of early birth, and to seize the late rice harvest, it is necessary to highlight the “early†character in field management, ie, early management and early prevention.
2. Strictly follow the “Technical Specification for the Production of Pollution-free Food Rice†to regulate production operations, balance fertilization, reasonable irrigation, and safe use of pesticides.
3, scientific fertilization. Under normal circumstances, the ratio of basal fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer is 6:4. At the same time, with reasonable application of NPK, it is recommended to apply the “three-control†fertilization technique for rice and the formula fertilization technique for soil testing.
Indifferent fertilizer: 12 to 15 days after transplanting, according to the growth potential and leaf color, topdressing 4 to 6 kg of urea per mu, 7 to 8 kg of potassium chloride, or 10 to 12.5 kg of compound fertilizer, to promote strong growth Stems, large spikes and multiple grains increase the tillering percentage of tillers.
Differentiation fertilizer: 30 to 35 days after transplanting, that is, the early stage of young panicle differentiation, appropriate application of urea 4.5 ~ 6.5 kg, potassium chloride 7 ~ 8 kg per acre.
Granular fertilizer: In the period of heading and breaking, the color of leaves is light, and 1.5-2.5 kg of urea can be used for strong grain fertilizer per acre. If the leaf color is dark, it may not be applied.
4, water management. Principle: deep water return green, shallow moisture, timely field. When enough seedlings are available, it is possible to carry out exposing and exposing the fields properly; alternation of dryness and wetness during ripening of the grout; water cut off about 7 days before harvest.
5, integrated pest control. Pest and disease prevention adheres to the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and controlâ€. According to the prediction and forecast information of diseases and insect pests in various regions, we must timely grasp the appropriate period of prevention and control, adopt a combination of biological control, physical control, and chemical control, and prohibit the use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticide.
(1) Biological control. Create an environment suitable for breeding natural enemies, use and release natural enemies to control the occurrence of pests. There are conditions for the implementation of a total of rice and duck.
(2) Physical control. The use of frequency vibration insecticidal lamp, black light, high-pressure mercury lamp to kill Lepidoptera, Homoptera pests.
(3) Chemical control. It is necessary to comply with the "Principles for the Fair Use of Pesticides" and the relevant provisions for the safe use of pesticides Implementation of curative or concurrent treatment to reduce the number of applications.
The major pests and diseases that occurred in this year's late rice forecasting are: sheath blight, rice planthopper, rice leaf roller, etc. In some areas, attention should be paid to the prevention of rice blast.
Rhizoctonia solani: From tillering stage to booting stage, heading stage, when the incidence of tillering stage bundles is 15 to 20% and booting stage is more than 30%, 5% Jinggangmycin can be used continuously for 750~1000 times per acre. 2 times prevention and treatment.
Rice planthoppers: When investigating the population density of insects on average, each group can use 10% imidacloprid WP 1500-2000 times per acre, or 25% bupropion 40-50 grams for prevention and treatment.
Rice Leaf Roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis): Controls the use of pesticides in the 1st and 2nd instar stage of infestation (in the first leaf stage of rice leaf) in the main damage generation, and can use 5% Ruijinte Suspension 30ml per acre, or 18% of insecticide 200ml, or 90% insecticidal 100g. Or 47% of Lost 1500 to 2000 times liquid control.
6, defense cold wind. The late rice heading and flowering seasons are susceptible to cold and dew winds, and the cultivation and management in the middle and later stages should be strengthened, robust trusses should be cultivated, and the ability to resist cold should be enhanced to ensure the safety of late rice.
7, timely harvest. More than 90% of late maturity is harvested at the right time to improve rice quality. No chemical fertilizers may be topdressed for 15 days before harvesting. Spraying pesticides must be strictly in accordance with the safety interval regulations. It advocates mechanized harvesting and mechanized drying, and promotes the technology of returning rice straw to maturity and prohibits the burning of straw.
(b) Peanuts
Autumn peanuts should be cultivated when the former crops are harvested and harvested before and after the beginning of autumn. Before seeding, seeds can be shelled and dried for a day before shelling.
1, species selection. It is recommended to use the peanut-dominated varieties recommended by Guangzhou City in 2011: Yueyou No. 13 and Zhongkaihua No. 1.
2, timely fertilization and earthing. It is recommended to use soil testing and formula fertilization techniques. Shizujifei: 750 kilograms of organic fertilizer per mu, 7.5 kg of potassium sulfate, 50 kg of superphosphate, 30 days of manure, composting should be cooked, and the spread should be uniform. This is the key to basal fertilizer. Or you can use compound fertilizer 15 ~ 20 kg / mu, full-layer fertilization, once full. Top dressing: after emergence, according to the growth of the seedling stage, combined with topdressing, three-leaf Mushi urea 5 ~ 6 kg, to promote early-onset and fast hair, and strive for more branches and more flowering. Six leaves look forward to Mushi urea 6 ~ 7.5 kg, 7.5 kg of potassium fertilizer, Mushi 15 to 18 kg at the beginning of the flowering period, in the middle and late period can be applied to fertilizer 2 ~ 3 times. To extend the life of the leaves and promote full filling.
Timely soil cultivation: Weeding and weed control can prevent topsoil compaction and increase soil permeability, which is conducive to the expansion of flowering needles and pods, and reducing competition between weeds and peanuts. Before the flowers are blossomed and sealed, large earth is used. If the land is completely sealed, the soil can be properly cultivated on both sides of the Daejeon so as to facilitate the pinching of the lower needles. At the same time, combining top soil with topdressing, 8 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied in Mu. When the scab rate reaches 50%, 15 kg of high-quality lime powder can be applied to the Mu.
3, reasonable drainage and irrigation. Different stages of peanut production, the water requirement is not the same, the general trend is less seedling period, flowering and fruiting period, full fruit period is less, that is, "two less, more in the middle," focus on the "Sanshui" irrigation management, After sowing, the germination water should be poured, the seedlings should be filled with water, and the needles should be filled with welcome needle water. In particular, the irrigation in the middle and late period (ie, flowering and podging period) should be managed. The irrigation should not be flooded, and the irrigation should be speeded up. During the expansion phase of pods, seedlings and weather conditions were fed with 1 to 2 horse races. After typhoon and heavy rain, the water in the field was excluded in time to prevent rotten fruit and buds.
4, comprehensive prevention and control pests and rats. Mainly biological control, physical control, and chemical prevention are supplementary principles. Priority is given to a series of agricultural and biological and physical measures such as crop rotation, artificial weedy grass, disease-resistant varieties, physical trapping pests, artificial trapping, etc., and the use of pesticides that comply with the pollution-free food peanut production specifications to control pests and diseases.
(1) Prevention is the main, comprehensive prevention and control. Focus on the prevention and control of bacterial wilt, rust, leaf spot, aphids, thrips, tawny moths, golden needles, cockroaches, voles and other diseases and pests.
(2) The use of high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides shall not use expired or banned pesticides.
(3) Prescribe the right medicine, spray medicine in time, pay attention to the safety interval of pesticides. Insect pests: In the middle and late stages, attention is paid to the prevention and treatment of tawny moths and aphids. At the mature stage, attention is paid to the trapping and killing of field mice. The choice of 10% imidacloprid 1500-2000 dilution, or 2.5% abamectin 2000 dilution, or 2.5% deltamethrin 2000-3000 dilution is used interchangeably. Rodent control can choose to use enemy rat salt, kill mice and other agents. Disease: focus on the prevention of bacterial wilt, so that field inspections are carried out, and once the diseased plants are found, the diseased plants are immediately removed and lime powder is applied for disinfection and control to prevent the spread of diseases and insect pests.
(III) Sweet and Waxy Corn
1, species selection. It is recommended to select the leading corn variety recommended by Guangzhou City in 2012. Sweet corn is Yuetian No.16 and Zhengtian 68, and glutinous corn is No.2 Guangjing.
2, sowing. For soils with high soil fertility and convenient drainage and irrigation, different types of corn varieties should not be planted within a range of 50 meters to prevent strings from affecting quality. Open drainage ditch around the block and in the middle, planting double rows of planting, 1.3 meters wide per ditch. The first-class seeds and coated seeds were selected and seedling transplanting techniques were adopted.
3, field management. All seedlings are guaranteed at seedling stage, and seedlings are encouraged to grow seedlings. Reapply base fertilizer, ear grain fertilizer, balanced fertilization. Seedling water control at seedling stage, prevent drought in the middle and late period. Before the jointing stage and the big bellmouth stage, cultivating and weeding the soil twice.
4. Comprehensive prevention and control of diseases, pests, mice and rats. Prevention and control focuses on underground pests, corn borer, sheath blight, large leaf spot, and small spot disease. Biological pesticides and low-toxic and high-efficiency chemical pesticides are used for prevention and control. Pesticides are prohibited 20 days before harvest.
Prevention of large and small leaf spot and sheath blight: selection of resistant varieties. Implement a rational rotation. In the initial stage of the disease, 10% of Shigao was sprayed and 30% of Ai Miao was sprayed for 2 to 3 times, with an interval of 7 or so.
Prevention of corn borer and beet moth: spraying 5% of US Emulsifiable concentrates or 5% stuck grams of Emulsifiable concentrates during the corn horn mouth period, 2~3 times in succession, every 7~10 days.
Corn cockroach control: timely removal of weeds in the field; in the corn leaf stage when there are more than 50% of cockroach plants, 50% anti-influx can be used, or 2.5% of the enemy to kill even spray, can also be used to fill the heart.
5, timely harvest. According to different varieties and seasons, the best harvest period is determined. Generally, barley is harvested 20 to 23 days after pollination. Immediately after harvesting, the fresh fruit ear should be preserved for freshness, otherwise the quality will deteriorate rapidly. Waxy corn also loses its flavor and quality. After harvesting, it shall be promptly sold for consumption or processing.
(D) Sweet Potato
Sweet potato is the root crop of dry land, which requires large amounts of fertilizer, no obvious maturation period, and soil waterlogging during the whole growing period. Management should be based on the growth characteristics of sweet potatoes in order to maintain balanced growth above and below the ground.
1, species selection. It is recommended to select the main sweet potato varieties recommended by Guangzhou City in 2012: Guangshu 79, Guangshu 87, Guangxingshu 1 and so on.
2, field management.
(1) The period of branching from potato to stem and leaf is long-lived, with emphasis on control of spread and pest control. Keep the soil moist during the period. Before the closure of the line, combine cultivating soil and fertilize soil, apply 15-20 kg of urea and 20-25 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. And pay attention to the prevention and control of Spodoptera litura and small weevil.
(2) The stems and leaves grow to the stage of the expansion of the tubers, and the emphasis is to prevent excessive growth caused by excess water. It is necessary to pay attention to when the row of waterlogging and drought, when the horse water irrigation.
(3) In the later stage of potato block expansion, the focus is on preventing premature aging. If the growth potential of the ground is weak, 2 kg of urea per acre can be sprayed or sprayed to prevent premature aging, and horse water can be fed at the same time. However, before 20-30 days before harvesting, no irrigation is generally performed to facilitate the harvesting and storage of sweet potato and improve the edible quality of sweet potato.
3. Comprehensive control of major pests and diseases.
(1) Sweetpotato weevils: Popularize and apply the technology of Guangzhou's agricultural main pusher for sweet potato micrococcus in 2012, so that timely irrigation, high soil to prevent land cracking, reduce adult invasion and spawning damage, 90% can be used after planting Hundred insects are sprayed on the stem base to prevent it.
(2) Spodoptera litura: Divide by 10%, or 47%, or 20% full-scale spray control, to catch egg hatch and young larvae.
4, timely harvest. The harvest time should generally be harvested at the end of November and early December (120 to 130 days after planting). The latest harvest should be before the frost.
Second, vegetable crops
(a) melons
In the autumn, the growth season of melons and vegetables is shorter than that in spring, and the temperature in the early stage is high. Both of them can be directly broadcasted, and the melons are mainly transplanted.
1, species selection. It is recommended to select the main vegetable varieties of Guangzhou City in 2012: Long Green Bitter Gourd, Guanhua No. 3 Zambia, Guanhua No. 4 Zambia, Lvsheng No. 1 Loofah, and Xia Hui Hybrid Loofah.
2, the election site preparation. The roots of melons are well-developed and their distribution is deep and wide. Drainage and irrigation are convenient, and organic matter is abundant. The former crops for non-melon crops are planted. Deeply smashed and smashed, from the width of 1.7 to 2 meters Baogou, 0.3 meters high. As early as the autumn seedling melon seedlings due to the high temperature, growth, and appropriate control of seedlings, nursery transplant timely colonization.
3, fertilizer and water management. Autumn vegetative melons should be applied to basal fertilizer. The basic fertilizer should be organic fertilizer, and 1500 kilograms of pig manure can be deeply per acre, or 500 kilograms of hair fertilizer. When the seedlings are weak, the thinning compound fertilizer will promote the seedlings. If the seedlings are too busy, the fertilizer will be used to control the water. During the seedling stage, in addition to diligent application of topdressing, low-ranking female flowers should be removed early; the first flowering period is fertilization, 250 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 50 kg of manure, and 20 kg of compound fertilizer; Fertilizer, each harvest 2 to 3 times fertilizer once, per acre culture compound fertilizer imports 20 kg, potassium fertilizer 10 kg, depending on the situation during the harvest plus compound fertilizer water. During the flowering period, the amount of water required is large, especially in hot and dry autumn, to ensure adequate water supply.
4, cited vine, Li Man. When the seedling height is about 30 centimeters, scaffolding shall be carried out to promptly spread the vines and manage vines. In the middle and late period, yellow leaves and diseased leaves shall be removed to facilitate ventilation.
5, timely harvest. Generally, the melon flowering to maturity of the commodity is about 10 days. The over-time harvesting tends to affect the commercial nature of the fibrosis and affect the fruit set of the female flowers behind, thereby affecting the yield and quality.
(b) Beans
1, species selection. Fengchan No. 6, Hong Kong Yinong 603 Dutch beans, 604 Dutch beans.
2, site preparation Shiji Fei. Select the former non-legumes, soils with deep, loose, neutral or slightly acidic soil. Thoroughly clean the pasture before planting and deepen the cultivation. In order to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, combined with site preparation, basal fertilizer should be reused. In general, Mushi's decomposed cow manure is between 1000 and 1500 kilograms, hair fat or peanut bran is between 20 and 30 kilograms, and superphosphate is 50 kilograms.
3, timely sowing. The sowing period of cowpea should not exceed September 15. The sowing time of Dutch beans should not be earlier than October 10.
4, fertilizer and water management. Beans are not tolerant and avoid bodied water. From the seedling stage to the flowering stage, water should be properly controlled to prevent plant growth and delay flower bud differentiation. During the flowering and pod stage, more water is required. In sunny days, water should be sprayed in the morning and at night to keep the field moist. During the high temperature and drought, “race horse water†can be used to regulate the microclimate in the field. Rainy weather should be promptly ruled out.
The rhizobia were symbiotic in the roots of the legumes, and they were top-dressed at the seedling stage. In general, the cultivator is combined with cultivator before introduction of vines. Mushi compound fertilizer is 10-15 kilograms. During the flowering period, Mushi compound fertilizer 15 kg, potassium chloride 10 kg, combined with the second cultivator soil. After this, depending on the growth of the plant, fertilizer was applied once every 7-10 days, and the top dressing amount was the same as above. In order to increase the rate of scarring, the borax solution can be sprayed 1 or 2 times at full flowering stage with a concentration of 2 ‰. In the later stage of the pod-setting stage, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500 times or tianfuin plant growth regulator 1500 times can be used outside the root. Top dressing to promote flower turning and extend the harvest period.
5, insert bamboo
When the pea seedlings are 25 cm high, they should be inserted in a timely manner and the bamboo vines should be inserted in a timely manner.
6, timely harvest. Kidney beans are generally about 10 days after flowering, and the Dutch beans generally reach maturity in 18 to 20 days after flowering. At this time, the soybean meal is full and soft and should be harvested in time. When the pods are senescent, the meat is loose, the skin is thickened, the cavity is hollow, and the quality is deteriorated. It also consumes too much nutrients and causes premature aging of the plants.
(III) Solanum
1, colonization. Prior to planting, combined with Shiji fertilizer preparation site, per acre applied to compost organic fertilizer more than 1,000 kilograms, compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, superphosphate 50 kilograms, if the soil PH value is too low can be applied before the site preparation of lime 50 to 100 kg / acre, Prevent bacterial wilt and epidemic.
The tomato is planted in 5-6 leaves, and the spacing is 35 cm and 70 cm; the pepper is transplanted in 4-5 true leaves, and the spacing is 30-45 cm and 33-45 cm. It can be planted in single or double plants. It is recommended that two plants be planted; eggplants should be transplanted at 5 to 6 true leaves, with a spacing of 45 to 60 cm and 60 to 70 cm. One day before transplanting, topdressing was performed with a “send of marrying manureâ€. Transplantation should be carried out in the sunny afternoon and the rooting water should be dribbled after planting.
2, field management.
(1) Water management. Solanaceous crops need sufficient water supply, but they must avoid being afraid of embarrassment. In case of drought, irrigation should be carried out in time. Usually, furrow irrigation is used. However, the water cannot flow over the surface. When the soil is wet, it should be drained. In addition, the rainy season should pay attention to the elimination of stagnant water, to prevent the occurrence of roots and diseases.
(2) Fertilization management. 10 to 15 days after the seedlings applied fertilizer once. When the pepper and eggplant grow to the main branch bifurcation, when the tomato grows to the initial flowering stage, the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are buried in the middle of the surface of the crop. The ditch should be shallow and the root should not be damaged. After entering the fruiting period, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, according to the growth status of fertilizer once every 7 to 10 days, quick-effect fertilizer (such as compound fertilizer, etc.) to the first harvest, after each harvest once heavy fertilizer once. In addition, from the beginning to the flowering stage, spray 0.2% borax solution can be sprayed on the spray for 2 to 3 times to promote flower organ development and increase the seed setting rate. In the middle and later stages of plant aging, absorption fertility decreased, can be used outside the root dressing method: general use of superphosphate 1 ~ 3% leachate, or 0.2 ~ 0.3% potassium sulfate, or urea 0.8 ~ 1%, or 0.2 ~ 0.3% of the compound fertilizer The solution is sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, and it works best in the evening.
(3) pruning, scaffolding. Tomatoes are erected in 25 to 30 centimeters of the seedlings and erected. There are three methods: one is double dry pruning, and in addition to the main trunk, the first lateral bud under the first inflorescence is left; the second is single pruning, leaving only Main trunk and other lateral buds were removed. Third, the stems were half pruned, and in addition to the trunk, the first lateral bud under the first inflorescence was left. When the lateral buds had 1 to 2 orders, the lateral buds were removed. The limited growth type of tomato is mostly double dry pruning, and the unlimited growth type can be determined according to the planting density using the above three different methods, and the spring planting is the best single dry pruning. Each order fruit control 4 to 5, the number of fruit control per plant 20 to 30, in order to increase the single fruit weight, increase the level of commercial fruit. In the autumn, when it encounters high temperatures, winter and spring are easy to drop and drop in case of low temperature. Spraying or spraying with tomato argan can preserve the fruit.
After the pepper is sealed, the branches of Menjiao Pepper and Menjiao Pepper are removed in time to reduce nutrition competition, which is conducive to ventilation, light transmission, and reduction of pests and diseases. After the result, the center of gravity of the plant moved upwards, and after the line was closed, soil could not be laid and it was easy to fall down.
Before the eggplant "eye blinking", the eggplant was removed the lateral branches below the eggplant, so as to reduce the nutrient consumption and improve the ventilation condition of the group. After the eggplant and the fruit of the gate, the eggplant can generally be pruned. After the second fork of the plant, all the lateral branches (buds) extracted from the main stem of the flower were removed and only 4 branches of the plant were left. In the fruit enlargement period, the stents were fixed, and after the plants were sealed, the old leaves were divided and removed.
(d) Cabbage
1, species selection. You can choose to plant heat-resistant, rain-resistant, disease-resistant and early-maturing high-quality varieties such as Zaoyou 3, Xishun 2 Zaoxin, Youqing 40, Brassica nigra, black cabbage, and so on.
2, sowing nursery. Autumn vegetable heart, cabbage can be live or nursery transplanting, generally based on live broadcast. Sowing should be avoided during typhoon and rainstorms to prevent heavy rain. Before sowing, it is sufficient to inject enough water to plant the surface. The amount of seed used for direct seeding is generally 300-400 grams; the amount of seed used for transplanting and transplanting is 150 grams. After the planting, it was covered with shade nets, with enough water to keep the soil moist, which was conducive to emergence and prevention of soil compaction. After the emergence, the shade net was quickly opened to prevent leggy growth.
3, thinning and reasonable close planting. When the true leaves of the seedlings are unfolded, they should be seedlings, seedlings, and seedlings. The seedlings were transplanted and transplanted. When the seedlings had 4 true leaves and the seedlings were transplanted for about 15 days. The general seedling distance of the Chinese cabbage is 10-13 cm. The Chinese cabbage can be planted with about 10,000 plants per acre. The plant spacing is about 20 cm. It should be planted shallowly to facilitate hair rooting.
4, fertilizer and water management. Top dressing should be based on the principles of diligence, early preparation, and thin application. It should be light in the early stage and heavy in the middle and later stages. When the first true leaf is unfolded, it should be applied in a timely manner. Mu compound fertilizer should be applied at 3 to 4 kg. The 3-leaf stage should be combined with seedlings for top dressing. After every 5 to 7 days, top-dressing fertilizer should be applied once. Mu compound fertilizer 10 to 20 kg. Watering depends on the soil moisture. It should be poured by small water and often keep the soil moist.
5, harvest. When the vegetable heart is tall enough to be flush with the tip of the plant leaf (commonly known as Qikou flower) or close to it, it is suitable harvest time and should be harvested in time. The growth period of Chinese cabbage is relatively short. Generally, 4 to 5 leaves of seedlings and growing plants can be harvested and marketed. Autumn cabbage can be harvested 25 to 35 days after planting.
(E) Cabbage
1, species selection. Should choose tolerant, disease-resistant, adaptable and high-yield high-quality varieties, autumn mustard blue, such as Qiuting kale, Chinese kale, etc.; broccoli such as mandala, green tape, jade and jade crown.
2, sowing nursery. Chinese kale can be seeded and transplanted directly. Most of the seedlings are transplanted and seedlings are transplanted. Broccoli and cabbage cabbage are seeded with nutritious trays. The amount of kale is 100 grams. The amount of broccoli and cabbage is used. 20 to 30 grams, timely covering with shade nets after sowing and watering, immediately after the emergence of shading nets. When the seedlings have 1 true leaf, topdressing is appropriate and every 7 days thereafter, strong seedlings are cultivated.
3, rational close planting. The use of seedlings transplanted cabbage, generally 20-30 days of seedling age, seedlings with 4 to 5 true leaves can be transplanted. In order to improve the survival rate of the colonization and slow seedlings, the seedlings were started 7 days before planting. Kale planting density is about 1825 cm, broccoli and cabbage acre seedlings 2300 to 2300, spaced 45 to 50 cm 50 to 60 cm. Select the sunny afternoon transplant, planting enough water after planting roots, promote new roots to quickly restore growth.
4, field management. After the transplant, shade nets should be covered to prevent direct sunlight and heavy rain impacts, generally covering 15 to 25 days. 3 to 5 days after transplantation, when the seedlings resumed growth, the first topdressing was performed, and 3 to 4 kg of compound fertilizer was used for the mu, and then applied every 7 days or so. Cabbage in the rosette period, kale and broccoli should be re-fertilized when budding, 20 kilograms of compound fertilizer, 5 to 10 kilograms of potash fertilizer, applied every 7 to 10 days. Kale and broccoli are used to promote the growth of lateral or lateral curd. After most of the main pods are harvested, they can be applied 2 to 3 times depending on the plant growth. In order to reduce yellowing of the flower bulbs and cavities of flower stalks, the broccoli was sprayed with 0.5% borax and 0.5% ammonium molybdate solution every 7 days during the formation of the flower bulbs, and sprayed for 2 to 3 times. After the topdressing, the water should be soaked in time to facilitate the absorption of the plants and keep the soil moist throughout the entire period.
5, timely harvest. The kale can be harvested when it reaches the initial flower and is equal to the height of the base leaf, that is, “flowerâ€, and the main pod is harvested when harvesting, and it is advisable to keep 3 to 4 fresh leaves at the base. After harvesting, the main loquat is suitable for climatic conditions, good water and fertilizer conditions, can promote axillary bud germination, and form a good side gills. Lateral gills can be harvested when they grow to 15 to 20 centimeters. The suitable harvest time of broccoli is short. When the flower buds on the edge of the flower bulb are slightly loose, the surface of the flower bulb is tight and smooth, and the harvesting period is appropriate when there is no unevenness. Select early morning or early evening harvest on a sunny day, and cut the flower ball together with a fattening stem that is about 10 cm long.
(6) Green leafy vegetables
1, species selection. Autumn vegetal plants should be resistant to glutinous, heat-tolerant, seizure-resistant and disease-resistant varieties such as glass lettuce, Italian (full-year) lettuce, Wanli cabbage lettuce, and green lake lettuce.
2, do a good job sowing, nurturing strong seedlings. When the lettuce is sown in autumn, it is in a high temperature season and it is difficult for the seeds to germinate. Therefore, germination is required. Germination method: first immerse the seeds in clean water for 2 to 3 hours, then wrap them with a damp cloth and place them in a cool environment such as a refrigerator. The optimum temperature is 15 to 20°C. Generally after 2 to 3 days, the seeds can be sown and exposed. The amount of seeds per acre is 50 to 80 grams, and the seedbed area is about 50 square meters. Cover the thin soil after sowing, then cover with a shade net, and then soak in water to keep the soil moist. The cover is removed after emergence. Seedlings were applied 7 to 10 days after emergence and thin fertilizers were applied after the seedlings to promote seedling growth.
3, rational close planting. When the seedlings with 4 to 5 true leaves, seedling age of about 30 days can be planted, the colonization density of 1518 cm, select the sunny afternoon transplant, planting after pouring enough root water.
4, regulate and control fertilizer and water, strengthen management. Autumn lettuce cultivation, after planting the best to take the 80 to 100 cm high scaffolding, shade net coverage, in order to facilitate rapid seedlings and normal growth, covering the time 15 to 20 days. 7 to 10 days after planting, thin fertilizer should be applied 1 time. Before sealing, thin fertilizer should be applied. When the seal is applied, heavy fertilizer should be applied once, and top dressing should be applied 4 to 6 times. After planting and before sealing, sunny days should be sprayed in the morning and evening to keep the soil moist. After sealing, watering can be reduced and the glutinous surface can be kept dry.
5, timely harvest. The harvesting standard of lettuce is generally started more than 40 days after planting. According to the market conditions, the early harvest yield is low, and late harvesting can cause convulsions and affect quality.
(7) Prevention and control of major pests and diseases in vegetables
Adhere to the principle of prevention, comprehensive prevention and control, and promote the application of integrated pest control technology.
1. Agricultural control
To implement crop rotation, do not continuously plant vegetables of the same family; timely clean the pastoral areas to reduce the spread and spread of pests and diseases; use vegetable varieties with strong resistance to stress, resistance (resistance) to pests and diseases, and high yields and high quality; use grafting techniques to cultivate disease-free strong seedlings, Control seedling disease.
2. Physical control
Sowing before sowing, to increase the germination rate; soaking seeds with warm soup to kill pathogens attached to the surface of the seeds; trapping insect pests with frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps; covering with insect nets; manually removing pest egg pieces.
3, biological control
Protect and use natural enemies; use biological pesticides to control pests and diseases.
4, chemical prevention
(1) Disease Prevention
Bacterial keratoderma: 72% agricultural streptomycin 4000 times, neemectin 4000 times, or 77% wettable particulate powder 600 times, or 50% methicone wettable powder can be used. 600 times liquid and other prevention.
Anthracnose: 70% thiophanate can be used for 800-1000 times, carbendazim 1500-2000 times, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times, or 50% protective work wettable powder 1500 liquid.
Downy mildew, blight: Use 53% Jin Lei Duomi 600 ~ 800 times liquid, or 72% frost epidemic 1000 times fluid, or 70% Kelu 800 times fluid control.
(2) Pest control
Hummer: It is possible to use 40% Daqing WP 1000 times solution, or 1.8% chlorfluazuron EC 2000 times solution.
Gualou: The use of 5% Ruijin special suspension 25 ~ 30 ml / mu, or 1.8% avermectin EC 1500 times, or 25% of the insecticide double water 250 ~ 400 times liquid and other prevention and treatment.
Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua: use 10% dilute 2000 times, or 40% Lethburn 1000 times, or 20% 1500-2000 times, or 5% stuck 1000 times, etc. .
Bean pods: 8000iu/microliter BT suspension 800 times fluid, or 50% dichlorvos 1000 times fluid, or 25% farmland 1500 times fluid, or 0.5% Da Shengong 1000 times fluid, or 5% fipronil 2000 times liquid and other prevention.
Liriomyza sativae Blanchard: 47% of Lethburn 1500-2000 dilutions, or 24.5% of edestin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times, or 2500-3000 dilutions of ECF can be used for prevention and control.
Yellow stripe jumps: You can use 12% Yilili 1000x or 48% Lok Siben 800 ~ 1000 times or 5% stuck 1000 ~ 1500 times spray, or in the seedling stage with 18% insecticide double 400 Double Lin Shi.
Fruit fly (acupuncture): The pineapple or banana peel is soaked with trichlorfon and suspended in a melon shed. 20 points per acre can be trapped and killed. Or use the “fly fruit viscose board†produced by Zhangzhou Yinggeer Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., which has a very good trapping effect on adults.
Third, fruit tree crops
(a) Litchi and longan
The main task of the autumn production management of litchi and longan is to cultivate timely and robust autumn shoots, to accumulate nutrients for flowering results in the coming year, and to lay a solid foundation for stable production.
1, timely fertilization attack put new shoots. After timely fertilization, the young trees were put on three autumn shoots, and the adult trees were put on two autumn shoots. The old tree puts 1 autumn shoots. The first shoot of the new shoot was dominated by nitrogen fertilizer, combined with compound fertilizer, restoring the tree potential to promote the shoot. When the last autumn shoot off, pay attention to control the application of nitrogen fertilizer to prevent the winter shoots. Appropriate potassium fertilizer can be applied to facilitate the differentiation of flower buds and improve the cold resistance of the tree. During the growth of autumn shoots, water should be replenished in time, but after the last autumn shoots cease to grow, no water can be poured to prevent the winter shoots from being pumped.
2, cultivate the last autumn shoots robust. The extraction of the last autumn shoot is often affected by the weather, and the quality of the last autumn shoot can be improved by controlling the shoot. The first autumn shoots that are usually drawn out can be used to suppress the growth of new shoots through spray control and to force the shoots to stop growing and become mature at the right time.
3, prevent winter shoots. The first is to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer; the second is in the last autumn tip of the old mature period can not be watering, pruning; third is the last autumn shoots turn green when the spray 1 to 2 times control shoots the spirit, when the autumn shoots mature Ring cutting or spiral ring stripping or root cutting and other methods control tip. When winter shoots appear, artificial shoots or sprays are used to kill shoots, and then physical methods such as girdling are used in combination with spray control to control the shoot tip.
4, strengthen water management. During the whole autumn shoot growth period, in case of dry weather, it is necessary to timely irrigate the water. After the autumn shoot matures, it should be carefully filled with water to prevent winter shoots.
5, to strengthen integrated pest management. During the growth period of autumn shoots, there are leaf curling worms, ulnar lice, litchi peduncles, sharp-lined moths, and longan thrushes. In addition, 90% of trichlorfon and 18% of insecticidal double-headed worms are used when new shoots grow 2 to 3 centimeters. Spray control. In combination with pruning and cleaning orchards, the main removal of litter, pests, branches, weak branches, rotten fruit, etc., concentrated burning after cutting, while lime on the ground to reduce the pathogenic bacteria and insect sources.
(b) Sand Tangerine
1, fertilization management. When the shoots turn green, they can be topdressed with quick-release fertilizers and extra-root fertilizers to promote the green shoots and fruit enlargement. In addition, appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to improve fruit quality. Fruits with more than one fruit can be roasted for 15 days at a time, 0.2 to 0.3 kg of groundnut peanut bran, and 15 kg of water.
2, water management. Dry orchard with water shortages should be often sprinkled with water, straw or hay can be used to cover the surface, to prevent evaporation of water, avoid poly-drying caused by falling fruit or fruit cracking.
3, pest control. Note prevention and control of red, rust spider, available green crystal (0.3% azadirachtin), or 24% of endangered and other prevention and treatment. The prevention and control of Bactrocera dorsalis should be carried out from the initial stage of fruit damage. Regular inspections should be carried out to remove the victim fruit and collect the fruit drop. To bury it more than 0.5 meters away, spraying foliar DDVP, and spraying the mixture of Lethbene and phoxim (1:9) on the ground can reduce the population density. Can also be used to kill adult insects by the color-sucking plate (yellow plate).
(c) Ome
1, base fertilizer. Time can be around October, mainly farmyard fertilizers.
2, deep deepen hole expansion. Combination of basal fertilizer should be used to deepen and expand the hole to deepen the soil and improve the growth environment of the root system of ume.
3, to prevent and control pests and diseases, focus on prevention and control of anthrax, powdery mildew, scale insects, long-lived cattle and other pests.
(D) Li, peach
1, control a large number of autumn shoot germination. Under normal circumstances, there is no need to apply fertilizer in the fall. If a large number of autumn shoot germination, can be sprayed 15% paclobutrazol 500 times 1 or 2 times, to prevent the emergence of autumn shoots, and can promote flower bud differentiation, while adding boron, zinc fertilizer and other trace elements together spraying.
2, to prevent falling leaves in advance. Can spray 0.2% urea according to tree vigor (note that biuret content is low) plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spray 1 or 2 times.
3, pest control. Pay attention to the control of termites, leaf roller moths, and fluid gum disease.
(v) Yang Mei
1. Pruning: For pruning after fruit picking is completed, pruning work should be completed as soon as possible, cut off pests and branches, dead branches, weak branches, sparsely dense branches, retraction and retraction branches, weak result branches; When the tip is dense, some summer tips should be removed; for branches with unreasonable angles, the branching method can be used to make reasonable distribution.
2, control the autumn shoot germination. According to the condition of the tree, spraying 15% paclobutrazol 300 times once when necessary to prevent a large number of sprouting of autumn shoots.
3, pest control. Attention to the control of termites, scale insects, long-horned cattle, brown spot and so on.
Disposable Long Arm Colored Veterinary Gloves
Colored Veterinary Gloves,Shoulder Tight Veterinary Gloves,Disposable Pe Gloves,Transparent Colored Long Arm Glove
Jinan Mucho Commercial Inc. , https://www.muchovet.com