Cycling Sun Organic Agriculture--The Direction of World Agricultural Development
I. Historical Review and Status Quo of Agricultural Development
From the development of traditional agriculture to modern petrochemical agriculture, a large number of fertilizers, pesticides, plastic film, and hormones are widely used in agricultural production. There are more than 100 years abroad and they have been introduced to China for more than 50 years. It has indeed played a very big positive role in solving the problem of eating in China, which has a population of over a billion people. However, the development of today's petrochemical agriculture has given rise to various insurmountable negative impacts on human living environment and human development, such as: increasing input costs of agriculture; decreasing soil organic matter content, and ventilation The ability to store and retain fertilizer is greatly reduced, physical and chemical structures are destroyed, soil-borne diseases are becoming increasingly serious, and the resistance to disease and insect pests and the ability to resist poisons are gradually enhanced, making it difficult to control; the safety of agricultural products has drawn increasing attention, the quality has declined, and drug residues have become fat. Seriously exceeded the standard, there has been an anomalous phenomenon that “food is not fragrant, melon is not sweet, and food is odorlessâ€, and it poses an increasingly serious threat to human health. In recent years, many agricultural experts in the world have carried out new explorations in the direction of agricultural development, but they have failed to diverge from the dilemma of “low yield, high quality, and low outputâ€.
Second, the three major shifts in the cycle of solar organic agriculture
(1) Turning mainly from inorganic chemical fertilizers to organic fertilizers from agricultural residues, and realizing the rational recycling of agricultural resources.
As we all know, the earliest model of modern agricultural development originated in Western countries, with the United States as the main representative, and later introduced to China. These countries first realized the industrialization revolution. Naturally, they used the thinking of industrial production to operate agricultural production. Industrial production requires a certain amount of raw materials. After processing in the workshop, a certain amount of products are produced. No more raw materials, no more waste, must be strictly accounted for. This is the thinking of industrial production. Western countries use this kind of thinking in industrial production to manage agricultural agricultural production: fertilizer is equivalent to raw materials, soil is equivalent to workshops, and agricultural products are equivalent to industrial products. It is based on this idea that it is necessary to invest in corresponding NPK fertilizers in order to obtain high yields. In turn, a certain amount of NPK fertilizers will yield correspondingly high yields. In a word, fertilizer input and agricultural products The output is proportional. Affected by this kind of thinking, over the years, our farmers and agricultural machinery extension workers have formed the idea that as long as the fertilizer is used for more inputs, it can achieve high yields. Facts have proved that this understanding is very one-sided, and there is an essential difference between industrial production and agricultural production. Industrial production is an exact quantification process. Input and output are strictly proportional to each other. The agricultural production is an organic transformation process. It is affected by many uncontrollable uncertainties such as the soil, the crop itself, the natural temperature of the sun, and so on. Therefore, the input and output of fertilizers are not necessarily proportional to each other, and even the opposite occurs. effect. For example, in the past few years, television and newspaper media have called on the Chinese people to be seriously deficient in calcium. For many years, the diseases caused by calcium deficiency are still many. Later it was discovered that the human body did not provide calcium nutrition to directly absorb it, and now it is proposed that calcium absorption is the key. Similarly, the current low fertilizer utilization rate has become a major bottleneck restricting agricultural production and efficiency. In order to maintain the existing output, farmers have to increase the amount of fertilizer used, leading to rising costs of agricultural inputs, not only did not receive the expected high efficiency, but brought a series of problems mentioned above. The organic matter content in the soil is used to manage agriculture with this industrialized idea. After each crop is harvested, crop residues (roots, straw, etc.) are brought out of the field, and organic nutrients in the crop residues cannot return to the soil. People invest fertilizer every season to supplement the nutrients taken by the soil, which not only increases the cost of agriculture but, more seriously, breaks the virtuous cycle of agricultural nutrient resources, makes the content of organic matter in the soil become lower and lower, and the soil carrying capacity is continuously improved. decline. Cycling Sun Organic Agriculture emphasizes that when crops are harvested, crop residues are returned to the soil to provide nutrients for the next crop. The natural decomposition of crop residues is slow and can not release nutrients in time for the current season crops to absorb, must rely on modern microbial fermentation technology. The residues of livestock and poultry manure, straw, leaves, grass, peanuts and other crop residues are decomposed and decomposed by beneficial microorganisms, and provide sufficient organic fertilizer sources for crops. At the same time, they can effectively kill fermented substances during fermentation. Harmful pathogens, parasite eggs, weed seeds. The continuous use of this technology will eventually realize the recycling of agricultural nutrient resources and will also play the following roles:
1. It can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, improve the structure of soil aggregates, increase the content of trace elements, promote the growth and reproduction of soil beneficial microorganisms, inhibit pests and diseases, and provide a good soil environment for organic agriculture through soil conversion.
2. Gradually reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. When the soil organic matter content reaches 3%, basically no fertilizer is used.
3, improve crop quality, increase fruit sugar, vitamins, protein content.
4. The beneficial bacteria use photosynthesis to convert inorganic nitrogen in the air into organic nitrogen (such as amino acids), which is directly used for crop absorption and utilization.
5, beneficial bacteria produce many substances in life activities, can change the nutritional environment around the crop rhizosphere, activation of phosphorus and potassium and other mineral elements, is conducive to root absorption and utilization.
6, beneficial bacteria secrete hormones, affect the content of hormones in crops, and then have a profound impact on the growth and development of plants and physiological metabolism.
7. The increase of beneficial bacteria can limit the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms and inhibit the root diseases of various crops. Many enzymes secreted by beneficial bacteria can increase the activity of enzymes in crops and increase resistance to disease and stress.
(2) From the emphasis on providing a good external growth environment for crops, it is necessary to induce and activate various self-reversing abilities of crops as the focus and the end result.
In agricultural production, we use a large number of pesticides and plastic film. The purpose is to provide a good growing environment for crop growth. Based on this understanding, we continuously increase the amount of pesticides, and gradually increase the resistance and resistance to diseases of pests and diseases. . Crops survived in the long-term era and experienced adverse conditions such as drought, floods, cold, high temperatures, diseases, and insect pests, and they stored benign genes that were resistant to various adverse environments. Some of these benign genes are dormant, some are degraded, some are weakened, and some are recessive. Through certain technical means, the activation of these benign genes can be demonstrated and resisted by various adverse factors in the outside world, and the use of chemical pesticides can be greatly reduced, and the purpose of increasing production and efficiency can still be achieved. As an aid to the use of some biological pesticides, basically no longer use chemical pesticides, completely solve the hazards of chemical pesticides to humans.
(3) Focusing on the promotion of high yields from fertilizers and water to increase the photosynthesis of crops, and open up new ways for agriculture to increase production.
Once, I talked with an agricultural technician. I asked: “In the past, rural villages often saw large trees on both sides of the street. They were lush and flourishing. There must have been nutritious supplies before they could grow so well. Where did its nutrition come from?†the farm technician immediately answered: “From the soil "Ah," I asked again, "Every year after year, no one has given it nutrients in the soil, and the root system is basically such a large absorption area. Is there so much nutrition in the soil?" He thought again. Say: "The leaves fall back to the soil." I said: "In the past, the countryside was poor and the leaves fell. They were immediately swept away to feed the animals or to cook for fire." He did not speak for a moment.
Since modern petrochemical agriculture, the majority of peasants and agricultural technicians have come up with fertilizers and immediately thought of NPK, forming a ideological understanding of fertilizers, water, and high yields. In fact, the true bulk of the crop needs is hydrocarbon oxygen. All the green plants in the world rely on sunlight for photosynthesis to survive, grow, bloom, and produce results. The plant absorbs sunlight from the leaf surface and absorbs carbon dioxide from the leaf's back. Under the effect of its own chlorophyll, it completes photosynthesis and manufactures nutrients it needs. It transports the plant's epidermis to the roots and other parts, and simultaneously releases the oxygen released during the conversion process. In the atmosphere, this is the photosynthesis of crops. This is the intrinsic reason for the luxuriant tree branches. The increase in grain production is mainly due to the increase of carbohydrates, and its increase in production is mainly determined by the efficiency of sunlight and fertilizers. The proportions of sunlight and fertilizers in the carbohydrate synthesis process are: 96% of sunlight, 3.6 of fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), and 0.4% of trace elements. The role of sunlight is mainly the photosynthesis of foliage. It converts carbon dioxide and water in the air into self-carbohydrates and forms yields. Therefore, in modern petrochemical agriculture, the ratio of production increase and base ratio mobilized by people is 4%, and the increase in production costs is too high. Simply put, if there is no sunlight, the crop is grown on fertilizer and it will not grow. After the Spring Festival in 2009, about 40 days of cold weather in Shandong Province, greenhouses, fruits and vegetables are generally unable to bear fruit, even if the fruit does not expand, this is the reason.
Closely related to human life are mainly carbon 3 and carbon 4 plants. Carbon three plants (such as wheat, rice) and carbon four plants, compared to the high point of light saturation of the sun's absorption of light compensation point, so the absorption surface is relatively narrow, carbon metabolism pathways and distribution efficiency is not very high, so light and efficiency Relatively low, so the output is low.
Carbon 4 plants (such as corn and sorghum) have high absorptivity to sunlight and high photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in high yields. However, the temperature requirements are relatively high, and photooxidation and photo-rhythm interference are prone to occur in some regions.
Increasing the light and efficiency of carbon three plants and the efficiency of carbon four plants absorbing light energy is to increase the yield of crops, and more importantly, the improvement of the quality of crops and the improvement of resistance because all the enhancements of quality and resistance are high consumption. The energy is two to three times as much as the energy consumption of the production, and even more. Therefore, in the past, large-scale fertilizers could increase production obviously, but at the cost of reducing invisible quality and resistance. Cycling sunlight organic agriculture is centered on greatly increasing the photosynthesis of crops, mobilizing the ratio of yield-increasing factors is 96%, affirming high yield and quality, and at the same time improving the crop's own resistance. To put it plainly, a significant increase in photosynthesis of crops means a significant increase in crop yield, increase of crop resistance, and enhancement of crop quality.
Cycling sunlight organic agriculture solves a series of problems brought about by petrochemical agriculture, truly realizing the healthy organic development of the human, soil, crop, and sunlight air systems in the natural world, and is the most effective way to realize low agricultural output, high output, high quality, high efficiency, and sustainable development. Effective ways are the most advanced means to solve the food problems in China and the world.
In order to allow farmers to use this new agricultural technology as soon as possible and with the great concern and support of the relevant departments at the higher level, they decided to give free training to farmers, soliciting low-input, high-yield, high-quality scientific and technological demonstration households for recycling solar organic agriculture and committing themselves to agricultural technology. After the training, the aspiring members of the promotion can also set up the China (Shanghe) Zhaofeng Circulation Sunlight Organic Agriculture Professional Cooperative xxx Branch to promote in the local area.
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