Walnut rot disease, also known as blackwater disease, occurs in places such as Henan, Shanxi, Shandong and Sichuan, and suffers from young trees to big trees. After the walnuts enter the fruiting period, if they are improperly cultivated and managed, there is a shortage of fertilizer and water, the load is too large, the tree vigor is weak, and the rot rot causes serious damage to the shoots. As a result, the ability deteriorates, causing serious death of the whole plant.
Disease symptoms: Walnut rot mainly damages stem bark. Because of different ages and diseased parts, the symptoms of the disease are also different. After the main tree is affected, the lesions are hidden in the cortex at the beginning, commonly known as “wet skinâ€. Sometimes multiple lesions become contiguous plaques, a large number of white mycelia accumulate around them, and black powder spills from the cortex. In the late onset, the lesions can be expanded up to 20-30 cm. The bark is longitudinally cracked, and black water flows along the cracks in the bark (so it is called black water disease). It glows like a brush with a layer of black paint.
After the trunk and lateral branches of the sapling were damaged, the lesions were nearly spindle-shaped, dark gray, immersed in water, and slightly swollen. They pressed the diseased area with their fingers and flowed out of the foamy liquid. There are many black dots scattered on the lesions, which are the conidia of the germs. When the air humidity is high, orange-colored gel filaments emerge from small black spots, which are the conidial angles of pathogens. The lesion developed along the longitudinal and lateral directions of the tree rod, and the later stage lesions cracked longitudinally and a large amount of black water flowed out. When the lesions circled the trunk for one week, the side branches or whole plants of the young trees died. Damage to shoots occurs mainly on the side branches of the nutrition or 2-3 years old. The infected parts gradually lose their green color, and the cortex and wood strips quickly lose water. The whole shoots were dried off, and black conidiospores were scattered on the lesions.
Clinical features ?? walnut rot is a fungus Cytospora juglandicola (genus Sphaeropsidales) caused under a microscope, conidia buried under cork, multi-chamber, irregularly shaped, dark brown, long neck. Conidia spores, colorless, banana-shaped. The pathogens overwinter in diseased trees with mycelium and conidia. When sap flows in the early spring of the following year, pathogenic spores are transmitted by rain, wind, insects, etc. Invasive from various types of wounds, gradually expanding the spread of harm. During the April-September period, the mature conidiospore, when air humidity is high, gradually releases conidiophores, produces a large number of conidia, carries out multiple infection hazards, and stops infestation until overwintering. The spring and autumn season is the peak period of the year, especially in the middle of April to late May. The walnut trees are generally susceptible to the disease because of the extensive management of walnut trees, poor soil, poor drainage, insufficient fertilizer and water, weak tree vigor, or frost damage and salt damage.
Control methods
1. Strengthen the comprehensive management of the walnut garden, improve the nutrient level of the tree, enhance the tree vigor and the ability to resist cold and disease, and it is the basic measure to prevent and cure this disease.
2, always check, once found to cure the lesion in time. Disinfect with 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 50 times, or 50% eutectic wettable powder 50 times, or 5-10 degrees lime sulfur, or 1% copper sulfate solution, then apply The Bordeaux fluid protects the wounded lice. It is best to scrape into diamonds. The scrapings should be smooth and smooth to facilitate healing. The scope of disease removal should be more than 1 cm away from the discolored necrotic tissue. The requirement is to “scrape early, scrape more, scratch,†with spring as the key, followed by autumn, but the annual inspection and curettage cannot relax, and the scraped scraps should be collected and burned in a timely manner to avoid human infection.
3, after harvesting walnuts, combined with pruning, cut pests and branches, scrape diseased skin, collect and burn, reduce the source of pathogenic bacteria.
4. In the winter, the net rot rots, and then the trunk is painted white to prevent frost damage and insect damage.
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