To improve the efficiency of crab farming and increase production, it's essential to master proper rearing techniques, adapt them to local pond conditions, and implement daily management practices that are tailored to the specific environment. This ensures that crabs are raised in a scientifically controlled and sustainable manner.
First, feeding should be done with care and attention to four key factors: weather, water color, season, and crab behavior. Proper feeding is crucial for maximizing feed utilization, reducing waste, and preventing water pollution. It also helps avoid aggressive behaviors among crabs caused by insufficient food. When the weather is sunny, feeding should be increased, while during rainy days, it should be reduced. If the water color is clear and healthy, more food can be given, but if the water looks murky or poor, feeding should be limited. During summer, crabs tend to eat more, while in spring and autumn, when temperatures drop below 10°C, they may stop eating altogether. Observing crab activity and their feeding patterns is also important—crabs that are active and eating well should be fed accordingly, with a slight surplus remaining the next day being ideal.
From March to November, the total feeding schedule is divided into three main categories: animal-based feed (45%), coarse feed (30%), and green feed (25%). In the first half of the year, the proportion shifts slightly, with green feed making up 30%, coarse feed 40%, and fine feed 30%. In the second half of the year, the ratio changes again, with green feed at 15-20%, coarse feed at 20%, and fine feed increasing to 60-70%. The average daily feeding rate is about 8% of the total crab weight per year, decreasing to 5% when the water temperature is below 18°C. From July to October, which is the peak season, feeding should be increased to 11% of the crab’s body weight.
Second, careful and consistent management is vital. This includes regular pond inspections, frequent water changes, predator control, and disease prevention.
1. Regular patrols: Check the ponds three times a day—morning, afternoon, and evening—to monitor crab activities, feeding behavior, and water quality. Special attention should be given during the early stocking phase of young crabs, periods of changing weather in summer, and just before the harvest season, as this is when crabs are most likely to escape. Strengthening escape prevention measures during these times is critical.
2. Water changes: In summer, water quality tends to decline quickly. Fresh water should be added regularly to maintain clean and oxygen-rich conditions. For ponds larger than 3 mu, add 20–30 cm of water every five days. For smaller ponds, change about 1/4 of the water every two to three days. In other seasons, change the water every 7–10 days, keeping dissolved oxygen levels above 5 mg/l to support healthy growth.
3. Predator control: Eliminate potential threats such as rats, snakes, frogs, and crickets. Remove any weeds or algae that could harbor pests and create a safe and healthy environment for the crabs.
4. Disease prevention: Follow the principle of "disinfect first, prevent second, treat last." Prevention is key. Starting from April, crabs are prone to diseases like limb rot, shell ulcers, and ciliate infections. To prevent these, use disinfectants like quaternary ammonium compounds, bromochlorohydrin, or bleaching powder every 15 days. Insecticides like fibroin or fibrin nets can be used monthly. Around 3–4 months, antibiotics such as enrofloxacin can be administered through feed for effective treatment. Regular monitoring and timely action help ensure a healthier and more productive crab farming operation.
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