Daily management of river crab

To improve the efficiency of crab farming and boost production, it's essential to master crab-rearing techniques, adapt them to pond conditions, and implement daily management practices that are tailored to local circumstances. This approach ensures scientific and sustainable crab cultivation. First, feeding should be done with care and based on four key observations. Proper feeding is crucial for successful breeding, as it maximizes feed utilization, reduces waste, prevents water pollution, and minimizes aggression among crabs due to food shortages. To achieve this, farmers should observe weather conditions, water color, seasonal changes, and crab behavior. When the weather is sunny, feeding should be increased; when it rains, reduce the amount. A clear, healthy water color indicates that more food can be given, while poor water quality suggests less feeding. During summer, more food is needed, but when water temperatures drop below 10°C in spring or autumn, feeding should stop. Monitoring crab activity and eating habits is also important—feed more if they are active, and ensure a slight surplus of food remains the next day to avoid overfeeding. Over the seven-month cultivation period from March to November, the feed distribution varies. Animal-based feed should make up 45%, coarse materials (like bran and cake) 30%, and green materials (such as dried grass) around 25%. In the first half of the year, green materials increase to 30%, coarse materials to 40%, and fine materials to 30%. In the second half, green materials decrease to 15–20%, coarse materials to 20%, and fine materials to 60–70%, depending on the crabs' growth stage. On average, crabs should be fed 8% of their body weight daily. When water temperatures are below 18°C, reduce feeding to 5%. From July to October, which is the peak season, feed at 11% of their body weight. Second, careful management is vital. This includes regular pond inspections, timely water changes, predator control, and disease prevention. 1. **Regular Pond Inspections**: Check the ponds three times a day—morning, afternoon, and evening. Observe crab activities, feeding patterns, and water quality. Key times for closer attention include the early stocking phase, during hot summer weather changes, and just before harvest, when crabs are most likely to escape. Strengthening escape prevention measures is crucial during these periods. 2. **Frequent Water Changes**: In summer, water quality tends to decline quickly. Freshwater should be added regularly to maintain clean and oxygen-rich conditions. For ponds larger than 3 mu, add 20–30 cm of water every five days. For smaller ponds, change about 1/4 of the water every two to three days. In other seasons, change water every 7–10 days, ensuring dissolved oxygen levels remain above 5 mg/l to support crab growth. 3. **Control Predators**: Remove potential predators such as rats, snakes, frogs, crickets, and weasels. Keep birds away and remove algae or green mud moss to create a safer and healthier environment for the crabs. 4. **Disinfection and Disease Prevention**: Follow the principle of "disinfect first, prevent second, treat last." Emphasize prevention from April onward, as crabs are prone to diseases like limb rot, shell ulcers, and ciliate infections. Use disinfectants like bromochloroethylene, dibromohydantoin, quicklime, or bleaching powder every 15 days. Monthly use of insecticides like fibroin or fibrin nets helps control pests. At around 3–4 months, antibiotics like enrofloxacin can be used in feed to treat infections effectively. By implementing these strategies, crab farmers can significantly enhance productivity, ensure healthier crabs, and maintain a more efficient and sustainable aquaculture system.

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