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The U.S. ring-necked pheasant is a significant member of the Anatidae family, commonly known as the pheasant or the ring-necked pheasant. It is one of the most popular game birds globally, with over 30 recognized subspecies. The bird features a white collar and is highly valued for its meat, which is rich in essential amino acids, calcium, sodium, sulfur, and other trace elements, containing approximately 28.94% protein. Pheasant gallbladder, blood, and liver can be used in pharmaceutical preparations, offering high nutritional value and health benefits. Male pheasants are also prized for their feathers, which can be used in crafts, fabric, and leather products. This rare bird serves multiple purposes—food, medicine, wool, and leather—making it an economically valuable species.
There are several advantages to raising pheasants. First, the initial investment is low. Any enclosed area such as an old house, warehouse, courtyard, orchard, or slope can be transformed into a pheasant farm. Second, pheasants have a varied diet, including rice bran, wheat bran, vegetables, corn, sorghum, and even fly larvae, similar to chickens. Third, they are adaptable, surviving in temperatures ranging from -35°C to -45°C without special climate control. Lastly, pheasants grow quickly. Chicks can reach 3 kg in about 100 days, costing around 12 yuan to raise. With a market price of 12.5 yuan per catty, each bird can generate a profit of 20 yuan. Hens can lay up to 150 eggs annually, with a hatch rate of 85% and survival rate of 90%, yielding about 60 chicks per 100 eggs.
The market for pheasants is strong, especially in coastal regions of China, Hong Kong, and Macao, where large quantities are exported to Japan, Singapore, and other countries. Due to overhunting, wild pheasants are nearly extinct, creating a supply shortage. This scarcity ensures a stable market for at least the next few years, even if prices drop to 8 yuan per jin, making pheasant farming a promising venture.
Successful pheasant farming requires proper housing. Farms should be located on dry, flat, sunny land, away from noise. Brooding houses should be similar in size to chicken coops, with a spacious outdoor area twice the indoor size. The ground should be sloped for drainage and covered with concrete for easy cleaning. Fences made of bricks, barbed wire, or nylon mesh help prevent escape. Each section should hold 150–300 young birds within 100 square meters. Separate areas are needed for breeding and brooding, with food and water troughs placed strategically. Chickens require regular feeding, watering, and clean sand baths for hygiene.
Proper care during the rearing phase is crucial. Chicks should be given clean water with glucose or potassium permanganate, followed by soft, nutritious feed. Temperature and humidity must be carefully controlled, with gradual reductions as the birds grow. Ventilation is important to avoid respiratory diseases. Lighting should be adjusted based on age, and immunization programs should be developed to prevent disease outbreaks.
As pheasants mature, careful management is required. At 6–7 weeks, they can be moved to open pens or cages. By 18 weeks, they grow rapidly, reaching near-adult weight. During this period, density, feeding, and environmental conditions must be closely monitored. Regular deworming, egg collection, and preventive measures against lice and disease are essential. Breeding pairs should be selected based on plumage, health, and behavior, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:4–1:6 to ensure high fertility rates.
Pheasant farming is seasonal, typically from March to July in northern regions and slightly earlier in the south. During the breeding season, nutrition must be rich in protein and vitamins. Eggs should be collected frequently to prevent breakage and contamination. Egg production peaks between 10 am and 3 pm, requiring careful monitoring to assist with difficult hatches. All eggs must be stored properly after collection.
Finally, successful pheasant farming depends on attention to detail. Choose healthy, high-quality eggs and maintain optimal conditions. Prevent overcrowding, control pests like lice, and ensure good sanitation. Regular disinfection and vaccination are key to disease prevention. With proper care and management, pheasant farming can be both profitable and sustainable, offering a wide range of economic and ecological benefits.
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