**Technical Process**
**Line Seeding and Seedling Cultivation**
Line seeding is an efficient method that allows for soil preparation, watering, sowing, and covering in a single operation. This process ensures high efficiency and quality. For streamlined seeding, it's essential to have enough hard trays available. If floppy trays are used, a sufficient number of hard trays should be prepared for rotation.
**Sowing**
1. **Determine Sowing Time**: Based on the appropriate planting age of the machine, refer to local planting schedules to set the ideal sowing time.
2. **Process Flow and Operation Method**
**Mechanical Sowing**:
- Before planting, ensure the subsoil thickness in the tray is stable at 2–2.5 cm, and the covering soil is 0.3–0.5 cm thick, without exposing the bud.
- Seeds should be air-dried and non-stick before sowing.
- Adjust the sowing rate precisely so that each seed slot maintains a consistent and suitable range.
- After sowing, spray water to moisten the subsoil. Dry the topsoil within 10 minutes after covering.
- Assign clear roles such as loading, seed addition, soil filling, plate handling, and stacking.
- After sowing, place the pressing plate directly on the seed tray, and stack plates for warming. Once sprouted, move them to Sakata. If using floppy trays, transfer them to Putian for disk removal, and use hard trays for turnover.
- Arrange the seed trays horizontally in two rows, tiling them closely together so that the bottom adheres tightly to the bed surface. For floppy trays, overlap the three gaps between disks and trim the edges to maintain block size.
- Maintain wet weirs to keep the beds consistently moist.
- Depending on weather conditions, build small sheds or cover with grass.
**Manual Sowing in the Field**:
- Two days before sowing, arrange the rake boards with two rows of rake plates, ensuring they are neatly tiled. If using floppy trays, overlap the gaps between disks and ensure the base is firmly attached to the bed.
- Two to three days before sowing, pour half the ditch water and grind the mud into a paste. Remove any debris from the ditch and evenly spread the slurry in the pan. If no base fertilizer was applied during field preparation, apply 3–4 kg of compound fertilizer per furrow and mix with the soil.
- Use a scraper to level the mud on the tray, making sure the slurry is 2.0–2.5 cm thick and naturally covers the soil. For floppy trays, adjust the rim edge along the board to maintain block size.
- One to two days before sowing, loosen the soil, level the disc, fill the ditch, and keep the soil moist. Drain the ditch before sowing.
- Sow seeds by plate or group (4–6 plates). Consider the moisture content of the seed valley—grain-heavy valleys are about 25% heavier than dry ones. Ensure even and uniform sowing, with conventional varieties having 2–4 grains per square centimeter and hybrid varieties at least 2 grains.
- Spread the covering soil evenly at 0.3–0.5 cm, ensuring no seeds are exposed.
- After covering, clean the trench, with a depth of about 15 cm and more than 20 cm around the perimeter. Drain the ditch to moisten the seed trays and soil.
- Depending on weather, build a small arch or cover with grass.
**Pre-Parent Preparation**
**Bed Preparation**:
The soil should be fertile, neutral, free of residue, gravel, weeds, pollution, and pathogens. Use mature soils like grassland or wheat fields, but avoid those treated with herbicides. Opt for autumn plowed, winter turned, or spring rice paddy soils. Sieve, acidify, fertilize, and disinfect mountain or river mud to create nutrient-rich soil with pH 5–6. Approximately 100 kg of nutritious soil is needed per mu of farmland, with a heavy heap. Use unfertilized cover soil.
**Seed Preparation**:
Choose high-quality seeds approved at provincial or higher levels, with moderate maturity and good stress resistance. Prepare enough seeds based on variety: 1.0–1.5 kg per acre for hybrid rice, and 4.0–4.5 kg for conventional rice.
Treat seeds by selecting, drying, soaking, cleaning, germinating, and dehydrating. For mechanical seeding, the "broken chest exposed white" stage is acceptable; for hand-seeding, buds should not exceed 2 mm.
**Putian Preparation**:
Select flat terrain near the field, with good irrigation and protection from wind. Conventional rice needs a 1:80–1:100 ratio, while hybrid rice requires 1:120–1:150.
Seedbed specifications: width 1400–1500 mm, furrows 200–300 mm wide (or 500–700 mm), with a 150 mm deep groove. The surface must be solid, flat, light, and straight.
**Putian Management**
**1. Promote Seedling Growth**
After germination, maintain high temperature and humidity to ensure uniform emergence. For late rice, focus on moisture control. Prevent rain erosion and ensure even emergence.
For early and single-season rice, increase temperature and moisture using methods like film covering or arch shelters. Open drainage channels to prevent flooding and root rot.
- **Film Covering**: Place straw or bamboo poles every 50–60 cm to prevent plastic from sticking. Remove water after rain to avoid mold. Remove the film when seedlings are 2 cm tall.
- **Arch Shelter**: Control temperature below 35°C. Ventilate if necessary, and fill with water if leaves roll. Remove the shelter once temperatures stabilize above 15°C.
**2. Water Management**
Use intermittent irrigation to regulate water, adjust temperature, and protect seedlings. For covered seedlings, drain and refill as needed. Spray water in the evening if leaves curl. Avoid overwatering to prevent disease.
**3. Apply Weaning Fertilizer**
Apply 2 grams of urea per liter of water (1:100) when seedlings are 7–8 days old. Spray evenly in the evening and rinse with fresh water.
**4. Apply “Send Marriage Fatâ€**
Top-dress 2–4 days before transplanting. Apply 2 grams of urea per liter of water (1:100), spray in the evening, and rinse. Timing depends on seedling growth and temperature.
**5. Pest and Weed Control**
Monitor for pests like thrips, planthoppers, blight, and locusts. Eliminate weeds promptly to prevent them from entering the field.
**6. Additional Measures**
Use growth regulators like paclobutrazol if seedlings grow too fast. Avoid excessive use. Soak seeds in virgin azoles to promote lateral growth and improve seedling strength.
**7. Cold Spring Protection**
During cold spells, use deep water to protect seedlings. Avoid sudden drainage after cold waves. Apply fungicides like Dixon before low temperatures. Build arch shelters for insulation. Avoid fertilizing immediately after cold events. Wait 3–4 days before applying additional nutrients.
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