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Improving the survival rate of yaks is crucial for their health and development. One of the most important steps is to feed colostrum as soon as possible after birth. Colostrum, which is the milk produced by the cow within 5-7 days after delivery, is essential for newborn calves. It contains high levels of antibodies, magnesium salts, and other nutrients that help protect the calf from diseases and support healthy digestion.
The earlier the colostrum is given, the better. Ideally, it should be fed within 1 to 1.5 hours after birth. For healthy calves, the first dose should be around 2 kg, while weaker calves may need 0.75 to 1 kg. It's important not to overfeed at first to avoid digestive issues. After a few days, the daily intake can be calculated as about 1/5 of the calf’s body weight, divided into 2-3 feedings per day with equal portions each time.
Once the colostrum is collected, it should be fed promptly. If it cools down, it can be warmed to 35-38°C before feeding. Colostrum is typically used for the first 4-7 days, after which the calf can be introduced to mixed milk or regular milk. In cases where the mother cow passes away, colostrum from another healthy cow in the same period can be used. If not available, regular milk can still be used, but it's recommended to add 20 ml of cod liver oil or vitamin A supplements and 50 grams of castor oil daily to aid digestion.
Artificial colostrum can also be prepared if necessary. The formula includes 2-3 fresh eggs, 9-10 grams of salt, and 15 grams of fresh cod liver oil. Mix all ingredients with 1 liter of clean, boiled, and cooled water (around 40-50°C). Feed 8-10 ml per kilogram of the calf’s body weight.
Another critical step is to remove mucus from the calf’s mouth and nostrils immediately after birth. This prevents breathing difficulties and potential suffocation. If mucus has been inhaled, raise the calf’s hind legs to let the mucus drain, gently press on the chest and abdomen, and wipe the mouth and nose with a clean cloth. Use hay or dry rags to dry the calf’s body and prevent colds. In severe cases, a small tube can be inserted into the nasal passage to suction out any remaining mucus.
Lastly, the umbilical cord should be handled carefully. After cleaning the mucus, the cord usually breaks on its own. If not, cut it with sterile scissors about 10-12 cm from the calf’s belly, squeeze out any remaining fluid, and apply iodine to prevent infection. The umbilical cord will dry and fall off within a week. Proper care during these early stages significantly improves the yak’s chances of survival and long-term health.
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