In the current production of autumn wolfberry vegetables, "dead tree" has become a major issue, particularly affecting sweet peppers and tomatoes. The primary cause of this problem is stem base diseases, which include Phytophthora root rot, stem rot, and Sclerotinia. These diseases lead to root decay, stem rot, and ultimately plant death. Effective prevention and treatment are essential, with targeted fungicides being the most direct and efficient method.
**First, identifying symptoms and selecting appropriate control agents**
- **Phytophthora root rot**: This disease primarily affects the stem base and roots. In the early stages, the affected area appears water-soaked, then turns dark brown and begins to shrink and rot. It can progress to the main roots, leading to severe necrosis and plant death. To manage this, apply 600 or 800 times diluted Anke solution through spraying.
- **Stem rot**: This condition mainly attacks the base of the stem. Early signs include brown spots on the stem surface that become hollow, causing the stem to rot. Control measures include using 1,000 times diluted tolclofos-methyl or spraying 800 times diluted ethyl allicin.
- **Sclerotinia**: This disease also targets the stem base. In its early stage, it resembles Phytophthora root rot, but it does not affect the xylem. When humidity is high in later stages, white fungal growth becomes visible, distinguishing it from other root rots. Application of 1,000 times diluted prohexine or 600 times diluted ethylene nucleus can help manage it.
In addition to these, Fusarium wilt, Fusarium rot, and bacterial wilt are also significant causes of plant death in autumn vegetables. These diseases damage the root system directly, so strict monitoring and timely intervention are crucial during cultivation.
**Second, integrated management for preventing dead trees in autumn**
Given that most autumn wolfberry vegetables are grown from nursery seedlings, it's important to implement a comprehensive disease control strategy. The author recommends the following four steps:
**Step 1: Seedling protection and foliar spray**
Before transplanting, remove the plug and spray the leaves to prevent infection. Use bio-inoculants or bactericides to protect against root diseases, and apply foliar sprays to prevent stem base and leaf diseases.
**Step 2: Targeted application of agents**
Apply biological or chemical agents directly to the root zone to prevent root diseases. Products such as cadmium alizarin, phosphorus aluminum, and copper citrate can effectively manage Phytophthora root rot and bacterial wilt.
**Step 3: Root irrigation**
Use antibiotic 968 to irrigate the root zone. Under normal conditions, this should be done once every 7–10 days, for a total of 2–3 applications. This helps maintain healthy root systems and prevents disease development.
By implementing these practices, growers can significantly reduce the occurrence of "dead tree" problems and ensure healthier, more productive autumn crops.
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