In the current production of autumn wolfberry vegetables, the most significant issue is the occurrence of "dead tree" syndrome, particularly affecting sweet peppers and tomatoes. The primary cause of this problem is stem base diseases, with Phytophthora root rot, stem rot, and Sclerotinia being the main culprits. Preventing and treating these diseases is the most direct and effective strategy to ensure healthy plant growth.
First, let's look at the symptoms and the appropriate control agents:
**Phytophthora Root Rot**: This disease primarily affects the base of the stems and roots. In the early stages, the affected area appears water-soaked, then turns dark brown and begins to shrink and rot. It can lead to severe root necrosis and ultimately plant death. To manage it, a 600- to 800-times diluted solution of Anke (a fungicide) can be applied through spraying.
**Stem Rot**: This condition mainly targets the base of the stems. In the early stages, brown spots appear on the sides of the stems, which become hollow and eventually cause the stems to rot. For control, a 1,000-times diluted solution of tolclofos-methyl or an 800-times diluted spray of ethyl allicin can be used.
**Sclerotinia**: This disease also affects the stem base. Its early symptoms are similar to those of Phytophthora root rot, but it does not spread into the xylem. Later, when humidity is high, a dense white fungal growth becomes visible, distinguishing it from Phytophthora root rot. To treat it, a 1,000-times diluted solution of prohexadione or a 600-times diluted solution of ethylene bisdithiocarbamate can be applied to the roots.
In addition to these, other serious diseases such as Fusarium wilt, Fusarium rot, and bacterial wilt also contribute to plant death in autumn crops. These diseases directly affect the roots and must be strictly managed during cultivation.
Second, for the prevention and treatment of "dead tree" syndrome in autumn crops:
Considering that autumn wolfberry vegetables are mostly grown from seedlings produced in nurseries, it is recommended to follow four key steps in their management:
**Step 1: Seedling Treatment and Leaf Spraying**
Before transplanting, remove the plugs and spray the leaves to prevent disease infection. A solution made from bio-inoculants or bactericides can help prevent root diseases, while foliar sprays can protect against stem base and leaf diseases.
**Step 2: Targeted Application of Fungicides or Bioagents**
Apply specific agents or biological products directly to the roots to prevent root diseases. Products like cadmium alizarin, phosphorous acid, and copper citrate can effectively manage diseases such as Phytophthora root rot and bacterial wilt.
**Step 3: Irrigation with Antibiotics**
Use antibiotic 968 to irrigate the roots. Normally, this should be done once every 7–10 days, for a total of 2–3 times, depending on the severity of the disease pressure.
By following these steps, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of "dead tree" syndrome and improve the overall health and yield of their autumn wolfberry vegetable crops.
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