Blackfish, known as the "treasure of fish," is a highly valuable freshwater species with significant economic potential. Blackfish farming involves raising various fish species in small water bodies such as ponds, cages, and tanks. In recent years, the focus has mainly been on high-density monoculture in ponds. The following information provides a general overview of blackfish breeding practices and is intended for reference only.
Before starting the breeding process, several preparatory steps are essential. First, the breeding facilities should be well-maintained. Suitable options include earthen ponds or concrete pools with a water depth of 1 to 2 meters, along with proper water pumping equipment. The water source should be clean and neutral or slightly alkaline, such as river water, reservoir water, or well water. The pond area should be manageable, ideally around 1 mu (about 667 square meters), and not exceed 2 mu to facilitate daily management and sales. A secure fence of 40-60 cm around the pond is necessary to prevent fish from escaping. Aquatic plants should be planted on the surface, covering no more than 20% of the pond, to provide shelter, reduce stress, and help regulate water temperature. Before introducing fish, the pond must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
Once the setup is complete, the actual aquaculture process begins. Fish stocking requires attention to size and quality—ideally, fish should be over 10 cm long (preferably 10-14 cm, weighing 60-100 grams) and free from injuries or diseases. It's best to use locally sourced fish to ensure better adaptability. Stocking is typically done between September and early October, allowing the fish to recover and prepare for winter, or in March and April for the next season. Before stocking, the pond must be disinfected using a 5% saltwater soak for 10-15 minutes or a 10 ppm malachite green solution for 10 minutes. Stocking density depends on water depth: for fish weighing 50-60 grams, 8,000-9,000 per acre is recommended, while for 80-100 gram fish, 5,000-6,000 per acre is suitable. Adjustments should be made if the water depth is less than expected.
Feeding management follows the "four set" principle: qualitative, quantitative, timing, and positioning. Feeding can be triggered by sound, encouraging fish to gather around the feeding area, which improves food intake and reduces waste. The primary diet consists of fresh animal feed, such as small fish, shrimp, mealworms, and other aquatic organisms. During peak feeding seasons, the amount of bait should be about 8% of the fish weight, up to 10%, while during off-seasons, it should be reduced to 3-4%. The feeding method should follow a slow-fast-slow pattern to minimize waste and ensure most fish are fully fed.
Daily management includes regular pond patrols to monitor fish behavior, water quality, and signs of disease. Water changes are essential—approximately one-third weekly and half monthly. Maintaining good water quality and keeping the temperature below 30°C is ideal. Preventing escape is also crucial, with the pond walls at least 50 cm above the water level and strong nets installed at the inlet and outlet.
Common diseases in blackfish include saprophytic disease, enteritis, and myxosporidiosis. Prevention involves careful handling during transport and stocking to avoid injuries. For saprophytic disease, whole-tank disinfection with 0.1 ppm malachite green or 0.5 ppm methyl blue is recommended, and affected fish can be treated with 10 ppm peacock blue or a 3-5% saline dip. Enteritis can be managed by feeding 34 g of furazolidone per 100 kg of feed twice daily for three days. Myxosporidiosis is controlled with 0.2-0.5 ppm trichlorfon treatment.
Dongping County Animal Husbandry Bureau, Shandong Province
Postal Code: 271500
Source: "Science and Technology Information," November 16, 2007, Issue 03
Disposable Endo Linear Cutting Stapler
An abdominal surgery disposable endo linear cutter is a surgical instrument used for cutting and stapling tissues during abdominal surgeries. It is a disposable device that is used once and then discarded. The endo linear cutter is designed to make precise cuts and staple the tissue together at the same time, reducing the risk of bleeding and improving the healing process. It is commonly used in procedures such as gastric bypass, colon resection, and other gastrointestinal surgeries. The device comes in different sizes and lengths, depending on the specific surgical procedure.
Advantage
1. Reduced risk of infection: Disposable internal cutting linear cutters are sterile and are used only once, minimizing the risk of infection.
2. Consistency: Since disposable cutters are manufactured under strict quality control measures, they offer consistent performance.
3. Convenience: Disposable cutters are easy to use and do not require any special maintenance or cleaning after use.
4. Cost-effective: Disposable cutters are often more cost-effective than reusable cutters, as they eliminate the need for expensive sterilization and maintenance procedures.
5. Improved patient safety: Disposable cutters reduce the risk of cross-contamination and infection, thus improving patient safety.
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