Blackfish is a highly valuable freshwater fish, often referred to as the "treasure of the aquatic world." Blackfish farming involves raising various species in small water bodies such as ponds, cages, and tanks. In recent years, the focus has primarily shifted to high-density monoculture in ponds. The following information provides a general overview of blackfish breeding practices, intended for reference only.
Before starting the breeding process, several preparatory steps must be taken. First, the breeding facilities should include soil ponds or concrete pools with a water depth of 1 to 2 meters, along with proper water pumping equipment. The water source should be clean, preferably river water, reservoir water, or well water, with a neutral or slightly alkaline pH. The pond area should be manageable, ideally around 1 mu (approximately 667 square meters), and not exceeding 2 mu to ensure ease of management and sales. A secure fence of 40 to 60 cm height should be installed around the pond to prevent fish from escaping. Aquatic plants should be planted on the surface, covering no more than 20% of the pond area, to provide shelter, help regulate water temperature, and improve water quality. Before introducing fish, the pond must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
In terms of aquaculture techniques, stocking is a critical step. Fish should be of uniform size, at least 10 cm long (preferably 10–14 cm, weighing 60–100 grams), and free from injuries or diseases. It's best to use locally sourced fish to ensure better adaptability. The ideal stocking time is between September and early October, allowing the fish to recover and prepare for winter. If stocking occurs in spring, it should be done between March and April. Prior to stocking, the pond must be disinfected using a 5% saltwater soak for 10–15 minutes or a 10 ppm malachite green solution for 10 minutes. Stocking density depends on the water depth: for 50–60 gram fish, 8,000–9,000 per acre; for 80–100 gram fish, 5,000–6,000 per acre. Adjustments should be made if the average water depth changes.
Feeding management follows the "four principles" — qualitative, quantitative, timing, and positioning. Feeding can be triggered by sound to encourage fish to gather around the feeding area, improving feeding efficiency and reducing waste. The primary diet consists of fresh animal feed, such as small fish and shrimp. In freshwater environments, options include mealworms, wheat ears, sand cress, juvenile whitefish, small clams, and small shrimps. During the active feeding season, feed should be about 8% of the fish’s body weight, increasing up to 10%, while during off-seasons, it should be reduced to 3–4%. Feeding methods should follow a "slow-fast-slow" pattern to minimize waste. Fish feeding behavior varies depending on weather conditions, air pressure, and water quality.
Daily management includes regular pond inspections to monitor fish behavior, feeding activity, and water quality. Any signs of disease or unusual behavior should be addressed promptly. Water changes are essential — one-third of the water should be replaced weekly, and half should be changed every two weeks. Maintaining micro-water systems and keeping the water temperature below 30°C is recommended. Preventing escape is also crucial, with the pond edge being at least 50 cm above the water level and a strong netting system installed at the inlet and outlet.
Common diseases affecting blackfish include saprophytic infections, enteritis, and myxosporidiosis. For saprophytic disease, care must be taken during transportation and stocking to avoid injuring the fish. Disinfection can be done with 0.1 ppm malachite green or 0.5 ppm methyl blue. If an infection occurs, 10 ppm of peacock blue or a 3–5% saline solution dip can be used. Enteritis can be treated with 34 g of furazolidone per 100 kg of feed, given twice daily for three days. Myxosporidiosis can be controlled using 0.2–0.5 ppm of trichlorfon.
This guide is based on information from the "Science and Technology Information" edition dated November 16, 2007.
Dongping County Animal Husbandry Bureau, Shandong Province, China. Postal Code: 271500.
Radial Artery Compression Devices
Radial artery compression devices, also known as radial artery compression devices or wristbands, are used to achieve hemostasis after a transradial cardiac catheterization procedure. The device is applied to the wrist and inflated to compress the radial artery, which is the artery that supplies blood to the hand and fingers. This compression helps to prevent bleeding and hematoma formation at the site of the catheterization.
Radial artery compression devices are preferred over traditional compression methods such as manual compression because they are more effective, comfortable for the patient, and allow for earlier ambulation and discharge. They also reduce the risk of complications such as radial artery occlusion and nerve injury.
In addition to cardiac catheterization procedures, radial artery compression devices may also be used after other procedures that involve the radial artery, such as transradial access for arterial blood gas analysis or for the placement of intra-arterial lines.
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