boar
The crude protein content of feed and feed boars should not be less than 14%. In grains and their by-products (rice bran, bran), phosphorus generally has less calcium and calcium should be added. The diet contains 0.65% calcium to meet the needs. In order to ensure the normal development of young boar testes, the zinc content in the diet should be 100 mg/kg. Bran, pancake and animal feed contain large quantities of zinc. Vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin E are indispensable nutrients for boars. Keep boars in good condition without being fat or skinny. For each temperature drop of 1°C, the daily energy intake should increase by 3%. The crude fiber content of the boar should not be too much, and avoid feeding thin soup. The amount of green and juicy feed should not be too large to prevent boars from forming grass and affect breeding. Feeding should be done regularly, do not overfeed every meal. Water is guaranteed in summer.
The management and use of appropriate sports, lap-feeding and summer heat-stroke cooling are the three key factors for scientific management of boars. The boars usually exercise 0.5 to 1 h every day, especially during the non-breeding period and the mating preparation period. The boars should be raised on a single lap, with 6 to 7.5 m2 in each pig house and placed in a quiet, sunny and far away place from the sow house. Tree-sheltering around the pig house, ventilating the pig house, setting up ponds and watering devices on the playground, etc. The initial age of the reserve boar should be determined based on the degree of growth and development of the body after sexual maturity. The initial mating age of general lean type pigs ranges from 10 to 12 months of age, and the weight reaches 50% to 60% of the adult weight of the breed. In production, boars over 2 years of age should be bred for 1 d, and if necessary, they can also be used twice a day (1 time in the morning and in the evening), but not every day. If boars are continuously bred every day, they should be taken off every week. d. Young boars are bred once every 2 to 3 days. In the present situation, 1 boar can bear the task of breeding 20 to 30 sows. When artificial insemination, 1 boar can bear the insemination task of 500 to 1 000 sows; in the breeding ground, the boar can be raised to 4 to 5 years old, and the service life is 3 to 4 years.
Reserve pig
Pigs from 70 days of age to the first breeding period are called reserve pigs. In production, reserve pigs are required to be bred at 8 to 10 months of age and 100 to 120 kg for lean pigs. Generally from 20 kg body weight, the gilt retained for species use is 7% to 10% higher than crude protein, lysine, and calcium and phosphorus in the feed of commercial pigs, and small boars are 17% to 20% higher. In the late stage of growth, it is generally necessary to properly restrict food and avoid excessive fat. Lean pigs generally increase the concentration of crude protein, lysine, and calcium and phosphorus in the diet and are free to feed. The sows start eating at 80 kg or even earlier, so that it is better to maintain a moderate body condition. Only 90 to 100 k weight limit food. Exercise is very important for the replacement of pigs, can promote metabolism, enhance physical fitness, exercise limbs and shoes, ensure strong sexual desire, and successfully complete the breeding task. In the management of spare pigs, sanitation and disinfection work should be carried out to remove the excrement in time and deworm and inoculate regularly.
Before sows mating
Adolescent sows can be fed with aphrodisiac 1 to 2 weeks before breeding, which will help increase the number of ovulation and increase the rate of pregnancy. Generally, it is appropriate to increase the feeding amount by 20% to 25% on the original basis. Short-term excellent feeding is more effective for poorly sows. The sows that are passed through the farrowing and breastfeeding are mostly reduced in weight. General weight loss 20% to 30%. The task of rearing the maternal sow before mating is to restore the physical strength so that it can reach the body condition. If sows are kept at 70% senility during weaning, as long as the diet is well-balanced, crude protein should not be less than 12%. Sufficient minerals and vitamins should be provided. Feeding 2.3 to 2.7 kg of rations a day without increasing the total energy level Normal estrus and breeding can be performed within 5 to 10 days; for sows with high lactation capacity, lots of sows, and poorly-prenatal sows, feed intake should be increased during the lactation period. To ensure normal estrus in sows after weaning, the key is to provide adequate nutrition to the lactating sows, and generally feed the whole protein with a crude protein content of 16% and feed them open. In conjunction with the diet with a certain percentage of green fodder or alfalfa meal, promote estrus after weaning.
Pregnant sows
Feeding measures During the 114-day gestation period, generally low levels were used for the first 12 weeks, followed by raising the level of feeding patterns 4 weeks later. In addition to ensuring growth and development of the fetus, the gilt also grows on its own, so it needs more feed than an adult sow. For fast-growing lean-type pigs, an average of 1.9 kg of diet per day is appropriate throughout the period. You can feed 1.8 kg/d in the first 12 weeks and 2.1 kg/d in the next 4 weeks. It may also be 20% to 30% higher in the latter period than in the previous 12 weeks, but the total intake energy level is the same throughout the period. The general principle is that sows are not fat or too thin and are good for the farrowing standard. In winter, it is increased by 10% to 20%, and in summer it can be reduced by 10% to maintain the average body condition. In order to make the sow feel full, low-energy green and roughage feeds can be used to increase the volume. When the dietary nutrient concentration is low and the volume is large enough, it can also be freely eaten.
Precautions Feed quality must be excellent. Green feed must be fresh. Feeding with rotten spoilage, freezing, and toxic feed is strictly forbidden. Avoid sudden replacement of feed during pregnancy. Generally, it takes 5 to 7 days for constipation, diarrhea, and even miscarriage. Sows exercise properly, stop exercise before labor; Summer heatstroke; Use proper decanting agent in sows' diet before farrowing, such as feeding potassium chloride at a level of 1.65% of diet.
Sows before and after littering
A few days before the onset of labor, the amount of feed may be appropriately reduced and more roughage may be given to facilitate laxative use. Wheat bran may be used instead of half of the diet. On the day of farrowing, do not feed within 10 to 12 hours. Only give enough water. Warm water may be given in winter. If the sow is hungry, give 0.5 kg of feed. On the first postpartum day, 1 to 1.5 kg of feed can be given and then gradually increased. After 5 to 7 days, they can be allowed to feed freely. If there is not much, the amount should be given. During the first week after delivery, do not force the sow to overeat so as not to produce milk fever, breast edema, or diarrhea in the piglets. Excessive lactating of the sow is also one of the important causes of yellow and white piglets. If the piglet is poorly managed and the piglet becomes cold, it is easy to die. Therefore, attention should be paid to observing sows' udder and piglet feces. One week after farrowing, a well-balanced diet can be given to stimulate milk production. In order to prevent postpartum infectious diseases and complications, antibiotics can be added to the feed.
Lactation
After 1 week of littering, it is generally free to feed and, depending on the amount of feed, it is appropriate to increase or decrease the amount of feed. The sows were fed standard feedings during the lactation period from 5 to 7 days postpartum. Feeding was started from 10 days postpartum until the peak of lactation (before 30 days after childbirth). Feeding 3 to 4 times a day should be fed once more during the peak of lactation. Lactating or lactating sows (producing sows often occur) during lactation should undergo artificial prolactin. Based on improved feeding and management, soymilk, millet porridge, rice milk, and fishmeal (or small fish, small fish) should be fed. Shrimp), high quality green feed and fermented feed, etc., can also be fed to cooked tires or herbal medicines such as milk tablets. Daily drinking should be enough for the sow to clean; the delivery room should be well lit; keep the pig house quiet; keep the house clean and dry, comfortable and warm; regularly check the sow breasts, if any, timely treatment; training the sow to develop two The habit of alternating lying on one side makes the size of the breast evenly developed and facilitates the suckling of piglets.
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