Family: Orchidaceae
Description: Baiji, also known as the Chinese orchid, is a perennial herb that typically grows to a height of 30–60 cm. It features fleshy, finger-like tubers that develop underground. The plant has 3–6 lance-shaped or broadly lanceolate leaves, with the base of each leaf forming a sheathing structure that wraps around the stem. In early summer, it produces racemose inflorescences bearing 3–8 large and striking flowers. The most notable feature is its lip-like petal, which is oblong-oval in shape and often deep purple in color. The fruit is cylindrical with prominent longitudinal ridges. Native to China, Baiji is commonly found throughout the Lancang River basin. It thrives in warm and humid environments but can tolerate mild cold, allowing it to be cultivated outdoors in areas near the Yangtze River. The plant prefers well-drained, sandy loam soil rich in organic matter. It is sensitive to direct sunlight and may suffer from yellowing of leaves during periods of high temperature and drought.
Reproduction: Baiji is commonly propagated through division. After new growth appears in spring or following the dormancy period in autumn and winter, the old plants are carefully dug up, and the pseudobulbs are separated for replanting. Each plant can be divided into 3–5 sections, ensuring that each division includes a terminal bud to promote healthy regrowth.
Cultivation: Before planting, the soil should be tilled and enriched with a base fertilizer. Planting is usually done in early March at a depth of about 3 cm. During the growing season, keep the soil consistently moist. Regular weeding and soil loosening are important, along with a balanced fertilizer application every two weeks. Flowers typically appear about two months after planting. Applying phosphate fertilizers from the flowering stage until mid-August helps support strong root development and overall plant vigor.
Diseases and Insect Pests: One common issue is the occurrence of leaf spots, which can be treated by spraying a solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder diluted at 1000 times. Root-knot nematodes may also affect the plant, and applying 3% carbofuran granules directly into the potting soil can help manage this problem.
Application: Baiji is a beautiful ground cover with elegant, purplish-red flowers that stand out against green foliage. Its flowers come in various colors, including white, blue, yellow, and pink, making it an excellent choice for flower beds, garden paths, rock gardens, or under trees. It can also be grown indoors, adding a touch of natural beauty to any space. Whether used as a decorative plant or for landscaping purposes, Baiji brings a sense of grace and sophistication to any environment.
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