Pest and disease control must be tailored to the specific types of pests and diseases present in the field, with appropriate pesticide application. When mixing pesticides, it is essential to understand their active ingredients, especially when dealing with panicle blight. There are two forms of tricyclazole, and they must not be confused.
It is important not to increase pesticide dosage arbitrarily, as this can raise costs and cause phytotoxicity in crops. Always check the compatibility of pesticides to avoid chemical reactions that may reduce effectiveness. During summer and thunderstorms, using adjuvants with pesticides can improve spray coverage and protect against rain, ensuring better control results.
When applying pesticides, use a water pump to ensure even distribution. Divide the water into barrels based on field size or mark the container for accurate spraying. Use a suction nozzle to prevent clogging from debris. With a 1.6-liter mist sprayer, ensure sufficient staff—typically six to seven people working north-south. Each barrel should cover about 1 to 1.3 acres. Start by closing the small nozzle and spraying liquid into the air first, or pre-fill the barrel. When the barrel is empty, turn off the nozzle immediately to avoid re-spraying, which could burn young seedlings.
Timing of pesticide application is crucial. Avoid spraying during rice flowering (before 9 AM and after 3 PM) to prevent pollen abortion. Apply phosphorus-based or light-sensitive pesticides on cloudy days or after 3 PM. For late-stage rice planthopper control, apply pesticides at midday to enhance effectiveness.
When targeting panicle blight and rice leaf rollers, aim nozzles upward so fine droplets can settle on the panicles or leaves. Fog machines work best for such cases. For planthoppers or sheath blight, spray the middle and lower parts of the plant, focusing on the base to strengthen pest control and protect the leaves. This method also requires large water pumps.
For controlling older rice planthoppers and leafhopper larvae, maintain a water layer in the field for 3–5 days to allow even distribution between plants. For sheath blight, blast, smut, or young nymphs, pay attention to water levels. For late-stage fumigation of rice plant flies, keep the field dry for better results.
Never use prohibited pesticides like methamidophos, 1605, or other banned chemicals. Fields with high-quality rice should follow strict formulas, and long-lasting insecticides such as buprofezin, pymetrozine, and profenofos should be avoided. Do not apply any medication one month before harvest.
Regular monitoring of pest and disease control is essential. Farmers and managers should inspect fields within a certain period after treatment to identify areas with poor efficacy and apply additional treatments to prevent pest outbreaks.
Keep the field clean by promptly removing waste and applying fertilizers properly. Protect aquatic life such as fish and shrimp from pesticide exposure.
Ensure proper labor protection by working during cooler morning and evening hours. Avoid alcohol before and after pesticide use. Wear protective gear like raincoats, pants, and masks. Do not eat fruits or drink while spraying. Avoid smoking during application.
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