Scientific name: *Hibiscus mutabilis* L.
English name: Cottonrose Hibiscus
Common Name: Hibiscus Flower
Family: Malvaceae
Origin and Distribution:
*Hibiscus mutabilis* is native to China, with a long history of cultivation across southern provinces, especially in Sichuan and Hunan. Chengdu is often referred to as the "Hibiscus Town," while Hunan is known as the "Hibiscus Country." This plant is widely grown throughout the Yangtze River basin and is popular both domestically and internationally for its ornamental value.
Morphology:
*Hibiscus mutabilis* is a deciduous shrub or small tree that typically grows between 2 to 5 meters tall. The stems are covered with star-shaped hairs and fine pubescence. The leaves are broadly ovate, usually with 3 to 5 lobes, heart-shaped at the base, and have shallowly toothed edges. The flowers are large, solitary, and appear at the leaf axils. They come in various colors, including red, pink, and white. The corolla starts off white or pale pink and turns dark red as it matures. The fruit is a flat, spherical capsule that ripens from October to November. Each flower has a pedicel measuring 5 to 8 cm in length.
Blooming Season: September to October
Growing Habits:
This plant prefers full sun but can tolerate partial shade. It thrives in warm, humid climates and is not very cold-resistant. It requires well-drained soil and does not do well in drought or waterlogged conditions. Pruning helps maintain shape and promotes healthy growth. Although it prefers rich soil, it can also grow in poor conditions. In northern China, it is commonly cultivated in greenhouses.
Uses:
Known for its beautiful autumn blooms, *Hibiscus mutabilis* is an excellent choice for gardens, slopes, roadside plantings, and waterside landscapes. Its flowers, leaves, and root bark are used in traditional medicine. The plant is valued for its long blooming period, vibrant colors, and numerous varieties. It is particularly suitable for planting near rivers, ponds, lawns, roadsides, and forest edges, or as hedges.
Unique Variety: "Three Drunken Hibiscus"
Also called "Three Drunken Hibiscus," this rare variety changes color throughout the day: white in the morning, pink in the afternoon, and deep red in the evening. It is highly prized for its striking visual transformation.
Cultivated Varieties:
Popular cultivars include pink or red single or double-flowered hibiscus, yellow hibiscus, red-and-white hibiscus, and the seven-star hibiscus, which features multiple layers of petals and a central cluster. The flowers are double-petaled and change from pale pink to deep red as they open.
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