Planting grapes in autumn offers several significant advantages over spring planting, making it a preferred choice for many growers. First, autumn-planted grapes can bear fruit earlier. Unlike spring-planted vines, which require seedlings and take longer to establish, autumn-planted grapes start their growth 20–30 days earlier. Some varieties can even produce fruit in their first year, with full yields by the second year. In contrast, spring-planted grapes typically do not bear fruit until the second or third year, leading to a one-year delay in reaching peak production.
Second, the survival rate of autumn-planted grapes is significantly higher. Autumn brings more stable temperatures and higher humidity compared to spring, creating ideal conditions for root development and wound healing. This results in a survival rate of over 90%, which is about 20% higher than that of spring-planted vines.
Third, the autumn planting window is longer. In regions like the Yellow Sea area of China, grape planting usually starts in mid-September and ends by late October, giving a planting period of 45–50 days—15–20 days longer than the spring season.
Fourth, autumn planting helps avoid competition for water and nutrients with other crops such as grains, cotton, and oilseeds. Since these crops are already harvested and no longer require intensive care, grapes can receive adequate water and fertilizer without conflict, ensuring better growth and quality.
To maximize the success of autumn planting, proper preparation and aftercare are essential. First, select suitable land and healthy seedlings. Grapes thrive in sandy loam soils, and it's best to avoid heavy sandy soils. Choose strong, disease-free seedlings with well-developed roots and branches to ensure high survival and early yield.
Next, prepare the soil thoroughly. After selecting the site, dig pits with an upper diameter of 80 cm and a bottom diameter of 40 cm. Before planting, trim the roots and shoots slightly while preserving as much of the root system as possible. Add 30–40 kg of organic compost and 0.5 kg of urea per pit, mix them into the soil, and fill with 10 cm of soil. Plant one vine per pit, water thoroughly after compacting the soil, and cover the pit with earth.
Finally, focus on post-planting care. About a week after planting, mound the soil around the base to protect against cold and retain moisture. The mound should be around 30 cm thick to safeguard the plants during winter. Once frost has passed, gradually remove the mound and water once. Before bud break, cut back to 2–3 buds, and after sprouting, remove excess buds and pinch the tips. When the main shoot reaches 50 cm, perform a heart cut. Then transition to regular field management practices for optimal growth.
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