How can apple pest control after bagging be made more scientific and effective? It's essential for growers to understand the types of pests and diseases that may occur once the fruit is bagged. Many farmers mistakenly believe that once the apples are covered, they're safe from pests. However, this is not entirely true. The expert reminds us that even with bags, some pests and diseases can still affect the crop, so it’s important to remain vigilant and not rely solely on the bagging process.
After bagging, common pests and diseases include brown spot disease, black spot disease, red spot disease, apple leaf roller moth, gold thread moth, red spider mites, peach borer, beetles, and yellow jacket disease (also known as jaundice). Each of these requires specific management strategies to ensure healthy fruit development.
When it comes to controlling brown spot disease, early detection is key. The disease has three forms in its initial stages: round, magnolia-shaped, or a mix of both. Symptoms include defoliation and leaves with green patches. Brown spot thrives in high humidity and temperature, especially when orchards are overcrowded or if spraying is delayed or done improperly.
To manage brown spot, two effective combinations are recommended: Polaroid mixed with Tianda 2116, or Shigao or Dasheng combined with Tianda 2116. Adding Tianda Silicone at a 6000 times dilution enhances the effectiveness and helps prevent leaf drop.
Black spot and red spot diseases have different symptoms and causes. Black spot appears as small black spots on the fruit surface, which can grow to the size of sesame seeds or green beans, with white spots in the center. This is caused by fungi like *Pink Trichothecium* and *Fusarium*, as well as insect damage and nutrient deficiencies. Red spot disease, on the other hand, occurs after the bags are removed and appears as needle-like red spots on sunny areas of the fruit, caused by bacterial infections.
For prevention, before bagging, spray 80% mancozeb at 800 times dilution, along with 3.0% polyoxin at 800 times. To control pests like corn mealybugs, use 20% imidacloprid WP at 1500 times, 50% bifenthrin at 2000 times, or 99.1% spinosad at 400 times. Applying calcium and boron sprays before bagging also helps reduce black spot occurrence.
For red spot disease, use 3.0% polyoxin at 800 times, 10% chlorothalonil at 1000 times, or 80% penconazole at 800 times. Mixing these with Tianda 2116 at 1000 times improves coverage and reduces the need for repeated applications.
To control red spider mites, apply two sprays within five days, using products like 2% abamectin with a surfactant or 2% abamectin plus diflubenzuron. Combining with Tianda Silicone at 6000 times allows better penetration and longer-lasting protection, even after rain.
For pests like peach borer and beetles, using sex pheromone traps can effectively attract and kill adult moths. Insecticidal lamps are another physical control method that reduces pesticide use. Additionally, natural methods such as hanging watermelon rind with Wan Ling powder can help trap pests without chemical interference.
Sex pheromone traps and light traps are now widely used in integrated pest management. These techniques minimize chemical usage and support the production of environmentally friendly fruits.
Yellow jacket disease, caused by aphids, affects the top of shoots and causes leaf distortion and mosaic patterns. Control measures include applying 5% oil emulsion or diesel emulsion in winter, followed by 3% acetamiprid at 2000-2500 times, or 20% chlorpyrifos at 2000 times. Protecting natural predators like ladybugs and lacewings is also crucial.
Mixing all these treatments with organic silicon at 6000 times improves adhesion and reduces the need for reapplication, saving time and labor. Overall, a combination of cultural, biological, and chemical controls is the most effective way to manage pests and diseases after bagging.
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