The term "deep-headed and double-toned farming" refers to a sustainable aquaculture system where two different fish species are introduced into the same pond within one year, allowing for two harvests. This method can produce more than 2000 kg per 667 square meters (mu), making it highly efficient and profitable. The following describes the ecological farming techniques that support this model:
**First, the Connotation of Ecological Farming Technology**
1. **Stocking SPF Seedlings**
"SPF" stands for "Specific Pathogen Free," meaning the seedlings have been carefully bred and tested to ensure they are free from specific diseases. These fish have undergone continuous screening, improvement, and optimization processes, resulting in a healthier population with stronger disease resistance. As a result, they grow faster and remain disease-free.
2. **Using Ecological Feed**
Ecological feed is a high-quality formulation developed by leading international feed companies. It includes advanced aquatic feed technology, with the addition of live bacterial cultures that promote digestion, maintain a balanced micro-ecosystem, and reduce pollution. These bacteria are resistant to high temperatures and help improve the fish’s immunity, reducing stress and enhancing overall productivity.
3. **Creating an Ecological Environment**
This involves managing the water environment to support fish health. On one hand, natural organisms are cultivated to absorb nutrients and boost photosynthesis. On the other hand, beneficial bacteria are directly added to maintain water quality and ecological balance, ensuring a clean and healthy habitat for the fish.
**Second, Ecological Breeding Technology**
1. **Pond Conditions**
The ideal pond size ranges from 2000 to 6667 square meters, with a flat bottom that can withstand both drought and flooding. The water depth should be over 2 meters, with a reliable and clean water source. The ponds are equipped with irrigation and aeration systems, and thoroughly disinfected before releasing the fish.
2. **Fish Stocking**
The main species used is Jianfu, with SPF seedlings, while other species include high-quality fish such as carp, crucian carp, and catfish. For example, in one cycle, 667 square meters can hold 1200 carp (150–200 g each), 300 crucian carp (50–100 g each), 20 tilapia (100–150 g each), 200 large-mouthed redfish (150–200 g each), 150 catfish (200–250 g each), and 50 bighead carp (250–300 g each). Stocking typically occurs in late October or early November, with a second harvest in June after the pond is cleared. The second stocking includes smaller fish, such as 300 squid (2 g each) and 250 redfish (50–100 g each), which are soaked in a 5% salt solution for 5–10 minutes before being released.
3. **Daily Management**
(1) **Feeding Management**
Fish are fed specialized ecological feed according to their size and growth stage. Feeding follows the "five rules": timing, location, quality, quantity, and consistency. Fish are fed for 40–60 minutes, using a slow-fast-slow method to ensure they eat well and consume fresh feed.
(2) **Water Quality Management**
Initially, the water level is set at 0.5–1.0 meters, and then gradually increased as the fish grow. Beneficial bacteria are regularly added, and products like “Bio-Pure Water Treasure†are used to cultivate natural organisms, creating a balanced and clean water environment.
(3) **Use of Aerator**
Aeration is managed based on the principles of “three open†and “two without open.†On sunny days, aerators are used for 1–2 hours at noon to ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen and prevent fish from floating to the surface. This practice helps maintain optimal conditions for fish growth and survival.
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