The practice of growing sugarcane on hot land can be a profitable opportunity for farmers. However, to ensure high yields in the next ratoon crop, proper attention must be given during the harvest. There are three key factors that need to be considered: timing, quality, and post-harvest management.
First, timing is crucial when harvesting sugarcane. The timing of the previous season's harvest greatly affects the growth of the ratoon cane. Harvesting too early can lead to poor sprouting due to low temperatures and drought, which may cause the cane head to lose its physiological function or even dry out. On the other hand, harvesting too late shortens the growth period of the ratoon cane, which negatively impacts yield. According to experience from the central-southern Guangdong region, it's best to harvest after the cold season, during the spring rains, and leave the cane in the field with the roots intact. At this time, temperature is rising, and rainfall is increasing, creating ideal conditions for root development and bud growth.
Second, the quality of the harvested sugarcane plays a significant role in the success of the ratoon crop. Farmers should use sharp tools to make clean cuts, avoiding damage to the cane head. A small cut at a low height, keeping the cane head between 7 to 10 cm, is recommended. If the head is too long, it may encourage premature germination of upper buds, which can weaken the lower shoots and result in weaker plants. Before the start of spring, any autumn or winter shoots left in the field should be pruned so that the cane heads are properly raised. These shoots should be removed after spring to ensure uniform growth. For fields harvested in March, it's important to keep thick spring shoots while removing the older ones to maintain healthy ratoon crops.
Third, timely clearing of the field after harvest is essential. Leaving sugarcane leaves on the field for too long can damage the cane heads and hinder new growth. There are two common methods for clearing the field: either leaving the leaves in place or removing them entirely. Leaving the leaves in the field allows them to be stacked in trenches and used as organic fertilizer. Alternatively, they can be taken out of the field, composted, and returned as nutrient-rich fertilizer. Using the leaves as fertilizer not only improves soil structure but also increases organic matter, enhancing fertility and ultimately boosting ratoon cane production.
By following these practices—timely harvesting, maintaining quality, and proper field clearance—farmers can significantly improve the yield and health of their ratoon sugarcane, ensuring long-term profitability and sustainability.
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