Cherries, especially large ones, are often referred to as the "first branch of fresh fruits" due to their vibrant color, superior quality, and rich nutritional value. Their high market demand and economic returns make them a popular choice for both consumers and growers. However, the slow maturation process and delayed yield can hinder the development of large cherry farming. Therefore, implementing early high-yield techniques is essential to accelerate production and improve profitability.
Large cherries require specific soil and climate conditions, such as deep, well-drained soil with good fertility. Regular soil loosening is crucial, especially during spring, summer, and autumn, with cultivation depths around 25 cm to encourage root expansion. Fertilization should be done in two stages: base fertilizer applied annually between mid-September and October, and topdressing during the growing season. Organic matter, along with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, supports healthy growth and fruit development. Water management is also vital—soil moisture should be maintained at 60–80% humidity, with increased watering during germination and flowering, then reduced afterward to avoid overwatering.
Pruning and tree shaping play a key role in achieving early high yields. A spindle-shaped tree structure is ideal, promoting balanced growth and efficient fruiting. In the first year, strong seedlings are selected and pruned carefully to develop a strong central leader. In the second year, main branches are cultivated to create a proper height and spacing. Proper branch angles (70–80 degrees) and regular trimming help maintain an open canopy, improving light penetration and air circulation.
Summer pruning includes techniques like branch spreading, scoring, topping, and girdling. These methods help control growth, encourage flower bud formation, and increase fruit production. Thinning out dense or unproductive branches also improves tree structure and fruit quality. For young trees, minimal pruning is recommended to establish a strong framework, while retaining most of the lateral shoots to promote branching and early fruiting.
By combining proper soil care, timely fertilization, effective pruning, and strategic tree management, growers can significantly enhance the productivity of large cherry trees, leading to earlier and more consistent harvests.
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