The optimal temperature for wound healing after thermal grafting is approximately 25°C. In early spring, when the ambient temperature remains low, the seedbed temperature is significantly affected by external weather conditions. At lower temperatures, the graft interface heals slowly, which can negatively impact the survival rate of the grafted plants. To address this, seedlings should be immediately placed in a tunnel or arch shed after grafting. Once the seedlings have been set up for a while, the plastic films should be tightly sealed to ensure proper heat retention and moisture control.
Temperature management in the seedbed is crucial. For the first 3–5 days post-grafting, the daytime temperature should be maintained between 24–26°C, with a maximum of 27°C. At night, the temperature should remain around 18–20°C, but not drop below 15°C. After this initial period, ventilation should gradually begin, and the temperature should be slowly reduced. Over time, the daytime temperature can be lowered to 22–24°C, and nighttime temperatures to 12–15°C.
Moisture control is equally important. If the air humidity in the seedbed is too low, the scion may lose water quickly, leading to wilting and a significant reduction in survival rates. Therefore, maintaining high humidity is critical during the early stages. For the first 3–5 days, the relative humidity inside the arch shed should be kept between 85% and 95%. However, the soil moisture in the nursery pots should not be excessively high, as this can lead to root rot and damage the seedlings.
Shading is essential to prevent overheating and maintain consistent humidity. This can be achieved by covering the outside of the shed with light curtains or shade nets, which help block direct sunlight and protect the scions from drying out. Shading also aids in heat retention during colder nights. When temperatures are low, some light exposure is beneficial to promote healing. However, when temperatures rise, shading becomes necessary. Typically, two to three days after grafting, weeds can be removed in the morning and evening to allow weak, scattered light. The seedlings should be shaded before and after midday. Gradually increase the amount of light exposure each day, and stop shading completely after about one week.
Ventilation should start when the grafted seedlings begin to show signs of growth, usually 3–5 days after grafting. Initially, small vents should be opened, and the duration of ventilation should be gradually increased. After about 9–10 days, full ventilation can be achieved. While ventilating, it's important to closely monitor the seedlings. If wilting occurs, shading should be reapplied, and ventilation temporarily stopped to prevent damage from over-ventilation or prolonged exposure.
After about one week, the removal of lateral shoots from the rootstock is necessary. This helps stimulate the growth of adventitious buds and prevents competition for nutrients between the scion and the rootstock. Lateral buds that form at the cotyledon nodes should be promptly removed, as they can hinder the scion’s development. This task typically starts around one week after grafting and takes about 2–3 days to complete.
In addition, regular checks should be made to ensure the scion remains fresh and shows no signs of dehydration. Once the seedlings are established, a controlled temperature difference should be introduced to strengthen their growth. For cucumber plants grafted using this method, careful attention is required afterward. The graft tape should be removed after 15 days, and the scion’s roots should be gently cut with a blade to encourage stronger root development.
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