Whether grapes are planted or not plays a crucial role in achieving early high yields. Traditionally, grape planting was mostly done in spring, with autumn planting being rare. However, recent scientific research and practical farming experiences have consistently shown that autumn planting is more beneficial than spring planting. It is advisable not to delay autumn planting, and where conditions permit, it should be prioritized.
The advantages of autumn planting are numerous. First, it allows for an earlier harvest. Grapevines planted in autumn do not require seedlings in the following spring, and their germination occurs 20–30 days earlier compared to those planted in spring. Some plants can even bear fruit in the same year, and by the second year, most will produce consistently. In contrast, spring-planted vines often take longer to establish, with only a few producing fruit in the first year, and the majority entering the fruiting stage in the third year.
Second, autumn planting leads to a higher survival rate. The temperature changes in autumn are milder than in spring, and both air and soil temperatures are warmer, which is ideal for root healing and new root development. As a result, the survival rate of autumn-planted vines typically exceeds 90%, which is about 20% higher than that of spring-planted ones.
Third, autumn planting offers a longer time window. In northern China, the optimal period for autumn planting runs from late September to early October, lasting 45–50 days—15–20 days longer than the spring planting season.
Fourth, autumn planting helps avoid competition with other crops such as grains, cotton, and oilseeds. During this time, these crops are usually harvested and no longer require irrigation or fertilization, reducing conflicts over water and nutrients. This makes it easier to meet the needs of grapevines, ensuring better quality and successful harvests.
To maximize the benefits of autumn planting, proper care and management are essential. First, select suitable plots and strong seedlings. Sandy soil is preferred, and it’s best to choose cold-tolerant varieties with well-developed root systems, full branch buds, and no signs of disease.
Second, prepare the soil carefully to improve planting quality. After selecting the site, plow and level the land, then dig planting holes according to the planned layout. The top diameter of each hole should be about 80 cm, and the bottom 40 cm. Before planting, trim the roots and shoots appropriately, while preserving as much of the root system as possible. Apply 3,000–5,000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, spread evenly at the bottom of the pit, then backfill with 10 cm of soil. Plant one grape seedling per hole, compact the soil, and water thoroughly. Once the water has been absorbed, level the soil around the pit.
Third, strengthen post-planting care. In autumn, cover the roots of young seedlings with soil to protect them during winter, especially if they are only 20–30 cm tall. Remove the covering in spring. Before the buds begin to sprout, cut off 2–3 buds. After sprouting, remove excess buds and pinch back the auxiliary shoots. When the main shoot reaches 50 cm, pinch it back. Then transition to regular field management.
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