Ramie has a well-developed root system, characterized by thick, straight roots that can extend 2 to 4 meters deep, along with 3 to 7 large lateral roots that spread horizontally up to 1.5 to 2 meters. This strong root structure allows ramie to adapt well to various soil types, as long as the soil is well-drained. It doesn't have strict requirements for previous crops and is relatively easy to cultivate. On poor or thin land, it can still yield high economic returns and is suitable for dry farming, which significantly boosts productivity and profitability.
Our developed and promoted ramie hybrids include varieties No. 1 through No. 6. Among them, varieties No. 1, 2, and 5 have been officially approved by the Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee. Field trials have shown remarkable improvements in yield, with characteristics such as drought tolerance, flood resistance, and salt-alkali resilience. These varieties can be grown on almost all arable land except where alfalfa is cultivated. Medium-sized fields typically produce 250–300 kg per mu, while high-yield areas can reach over 350 kg per mu.
Sowing should take place between March 20th and early May. There are two sowing methods: direct seeding and intercropping. Seeds should be planted when the soil temperature reaches about 5°C, or 10–25 days before harvesting wheat, garlic, or onions. The spacing is generally 90–150 cm between rows and 60–100 cm within rows, with a planting density of 600–1200 plants per mu. Direct seeding requires thinning, while intercropping needs denser planting. Fertilization should be light, and in dry or poor soil, more dense planting is recommended. Each seed hole should contain 3 seeds, covered to a depth of 4–5 cm. To ensure good germination, sufficient water should be used during planting, and holes should be dug and watered accordingly.
Using plastic film coverage is an effective way to increase yield and reduce labor costs like weeding and watering. Covering one acre with plastic film costs only 20–30 yuan, but it can boost production by over 30%.
Seedling management is crucial. During the early seedling stage (before three true leaves), transplanting weak or missing seedlings is essential. At the 3–4 leaf stage, one plant should be left per hole. Delaying this process can result in weak seedlings and lower yields.
Fertilization plays a key role in boosting production. A base fertilizer usually includes 15 kg of urea, 10 kg of diammonium phosphate, 7 kg of potassium sulfate, and 1000–2000 kg of farmyard manure. A second application of 10–15 kg of NPK fertilizer is recommended at the bud stage of the first main stem.
Pruning is a critical practice for increasing yield. Before the first flower buds appear, keep 2–3 primary branches and remove all others. Subsequent pruning depends on plant growth, adjusting the number of branches left on each level. For late-sown crops, using large-stem varieties, increasing planting density, and proper pruning can significantly improve yield. Density can be increased to 1000–1500 plants per mu, with only 4–5 branches retained per plant.
Harvesting should occur when about 80% of the pods on the ear turn brown, ensuring timely harvest to avoid affecting yield and quality. After harvesting, the crop should be dried, threshed, and bagged promptly, with moisture content reduced below 9% before sale.
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