To ensure efficient and safe operation of a combine harvester, it's essential to understand and follow the correct operating procedures. Here’s a detailed guide on how to properly use and manage the machine during harvesting.
First, choosing the right operating speed is crucial. When the field is flat, the grain is mature, and there are few weeds, you can increase the forward speed for better efficiency. However, if the grain is in the late milk stage or early yellowing phase, with higher moisture content, the speed should be reduced. During the yellow ripening stage, when the moisture is lower and the crop is more uniform, a slightly higher speed may be used. After rain or during dewy mornings, the stalks are wet, so slower speeds are recommended. On sunny days, especially around midday, the crop dries out, allowing for faster movement. For crops with high density or tall plants, slower speeds are needed to avoid overloading the machine. Conversely, shorter, less dense crops can be harvested at higher speeds. At the start of the day, when the machine is still being tested, keep the speed low. Once everything is running smoothly and the grain is dry, you can gradually increase the speed to maximize efficiency.
Next, the cutting width should be adjusted appropriately. If the harvester is in good condition, try to operate at full load, keeping the cutting width at about 90% of the header’s total width. Be careful not to overload the system, and make sure there are no missed cuts during operation.
Regarding stubble height, aim to cut as low as possible while ensuring that the minimum height is at least 6 cm. Cutting too low can cause the blades to dig into the soil, increasing wear and damage. Generally, the stubble height should not exceed 15 cm.
When it comes to driving methods, there are three main approaches: clockwise centripetal rotation, counterclockwise centripetal rotation, and shuttle-style harvesting. Choose the method that best suits the field conditions. The goal is to make unloading easier and reduce the number of turns to improve efficiency.
During operation, keep the harvester moving straight, making only minor adjustments when necessary. Avoid turning while cutting—stop first, then turn using reverse or a right-angle maneuver. Turning while in motion can lead to missed cuts and grain loss.
Mechanical harvesting should be avoided under certain conditions. Do not harvest when the grain is not fully matured, or when it's too lodged. High moisture from rain makes mechanical harvesting unsuitable. Always consider the user’s needs and explain limitations when necessary to prevent dissatisfaction.
Now, let’s look at some important driving precautions:
Operators must carry valid documents such as the license plate, driver’s license, and agricultural machinery permit. Ensure all documents match the operator’s identity.
Display the cross-regional operation certificate prominently for easy inspection and toll exemption.
Maintain a safe distance between machines and other vehicles to avoid rear-end collisions. Drive at moderate speeds, avoid sudden braking or sharp turns.
If law enforcement checks your vehicle, pull over safely and cooperate. Never attempt to evade inspections.
Only two operators should drive the harvester; others should travel separately by train or car. Never sit on the conveyor belt or sleep on the unloader platform.
When traveling alone or in groups, maintain communication with team members. Choose quiet roads for stops, and use warning triangles or bricks to block the tires. At night, use small lights to signal your location. Never stop on bridges or under power lines.
Regularly check tire pressure, bolt tightness, and the temperature of the hubs to ensure everything is functioning properly.
Finally, in summer, stay well-rested and avoid fatigue, as high temperatures can affect performance and safety.
By following these guidelines, you can ensure a safer, more efficient, and successful harvesting experience.
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