In the poultry industry, achieving a high fertilization rate in a breeder flock depends heavily on the condition of the roosters. Only when the males are in optimal health—showing proper skeletal development, testicular growth, and uniformity in size across different age stages—can the flock maintain good fertility. This requires careful management, including ensuring that the roosters receive adequate nutrition, maintaining the right male-to-female ratio, and managing their body condition to avoid excessive fat accumulation.
Proper housing is also crucial. If roosters are kept separate from the hens, it becomes easier to monitor their weight gain and development. However, in many cases, roosters are placed at the far end of the house, making it difficult for farmers to observe them. Ideally, roosters should be housed near the entrance where they can be easily monitored during the breeding period.
During the entire growing phase, it’s recommended to avoid using scaffolds. From 6 to 12 weeks of age, chickens are developing their muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Scaffolds can put unnecessary stress on their leg joints, potentially leading to long-term mobility issues.
One of the most important aspects of early brooding is giving chicks a strong start. The first 72 hours of a chick's life play a critical role in its overall health, including disease resistance, cardiovascular development, feather growth, and skeletal formation. A solid foundation during this time ensures that roosters will have strong bones throughout their lives, which is essential for successful mating.
To achieve this, chicks should reach the expected weight curve within the first 14 days. Many farms use broiler chicks without coccidiosis to ensure even growth. Additionally, any disturbance or improper handling during the first week can negatively impact the uniformity of the flock.
After 14 days, the main factor affecting flock uniformity is whether the roosters can eat the right amount of feed. Maintaining an 80–85% uniformity in the rooster group is essential to ensure synchronized sexual maturity when mixed with hens. This requires an efficient feeding system that delivers feed evenly to all birds.
By 8 weeks of age, 85% of the skeleton has developed. It's vital that the roosters meet or exceed the target weight at this stage. Otherwise, their adult size may fall short of expectations, leading to obesity and poor body condition by the end of the laying period, which can reduce mating success.
Key steps for proper skeletal development include:
- At 7 days, aim for a target weight of 140 grams (use high-protein feed if needed).
- At 4 weeks, weigh the entire group and remove underweight individuals.
- At 10 weeks, perform final selection and adjust the weight curve if necessary. Avoid any further adjustments before mating begins.
Maintain a stocking density of 3–4 roosters per square meter, provide enough feeding space (15 cm per bird), and ensure feeders operate at a fast speed (2–3 minutes per column) to promote even feeding.
Testicular development occurs between 10 and 15 weeks. Consistent weekly weight gain is essential; any weight loss during this period can harm future sperm production. From 15 weeks onward, the reproductive system develops rapidly, so feeding must align with the weight curve, especially in mixed groups. Proper density and feed distribution between 10 weeks and mating time are key to success.
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