To ensure successful pig farming during winter, the key focus should be on protecting the pigs from cold stress. There are nine essential methods that farmers should implement to maintain a healthy and warm environment for their livestock.
First, increasing the temperature inside the pig house is crucial. Four simple and cost-effective methods can be used: 1) Covering open-type pig houses with double-layer plastic film for better insulation, which is ideal for non-lactating sows and fattening pigs. 2) Using boiler heating systems in enclosed pig houses for consistent warmth. 3) Combining open-type heating with plastic film coverage for additional protection. 4) Installing electric heaters, especially for nursing sows that require extra warmth.
Second, reinforcing the walls of the pig house is important. The back wall, gable, and front wall should be thickened to improve insulation. You can use crop stalks or adobe to temporarily strengthen these areas. It’s best to design pig houses with thick outer walls from the start. For older structures, sealing any gaps in doors, windows, and walls is essential to prevent cold air from entering.
Third, maintaining cleanliness is vital. The floor should be regularly cleaned and drained of feces and urine to keep it dry. A concrete floor is recommended for easier cleaning and faster drying.
Fourth, providing additional bedding is necessary. If possible, use warm materials like wooden boards, bamboo boards, or thick fiberboards. In cases where these are unavailable, precast concrete slabs can be used as an alternative.
Fifth, never allow pigs to drink cold water. Always warm the water before giving it to them, as cold water can cause discomfort and health issues.
Sixth, increasing feeding frequency helps boost feed intake, which in turn supports energy levels and compensates for heat loss due to low temperatures. Where possible, free-choice feeding is ideal, and night feeding can be added in areas with scheduled feeding times.
Seventh, adjusting the energy content of the feed is beneficial. Increase the energy level by about 10% based on the original diet. Younger pigs require higher energy, so they can be given high-energy feeds like fats and oils. Older pigs can benefit from more corn or other common energy sources.
Eighth, moderately increasing stocking density can help raise the internal temperature of the house. When pigs are kept closer together, they can huddle for warmth, and their collective body heat contributes to a warmer environment.
Ninth, ensuring sufficient lighting is important for both pig health and productivity. Open-type pig houses should have large openings for easy coverage with plastic film in winter. Enclosed houses should have designated areas on the south wall and roof for installing glass panels to maximize natural light during colder months.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can create a more comfortable and productive environment for their pigs during the winter season.
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