Sesame cultivation has seen the emergence of several high-performing varieties in recent years, such as Echi 1, No. 2, Yuzhi No. 4, Zhongzhi No. 7, Zhongzhi No. 8, Zhongzhi No. 10, and Black Sesame Zhongzhi No. 9. These varieties are known for their strong adaptability, high yield (over 100 kg per mu), and excellent overall performance, making them suitable for planting in a wide range of areas.
To prevent disease buildup, it is important to avoid continuous sesame planting. According to field surveys, when sesame is planted consecutively for one year, the disease incidence in Daejeon can exceed 50%, rising to as high as 80% after two years. To reduce this risk, it is recommended to rotate sesame with crops like corn, sweet potatoes, soybeans, sorghum, and cotton for 3 to 4 years.
Sesame is sensitive to waterlogging and prone to root diseases, especially in later growth stages when it becomes more vulnerable to wind damage. Therefore, deep ditches and narrow beds should be used to improve drainage and prevent soil compaction. The typical compartment width ranges from 1.5 to 2 meters, with a trench depth exceeding the plow layer to ensure proper water management.
Double-seeding techniques can help ensure better germination, especially under variable weather conditions. After plowing, a layer of seeds is sown first, followed by a second sowing. This method ensures that if dry weather occurs, the deeper seeds can access moisture, while in rainy conditions, the surface seeds will emerge quickly. This dual approach provides insurance against both drought and excessive rain, leading to more uniform seedling establishment.
For optimal growth, sesame should be planted at the right density. For single-stalk varieties, plant 15,000 to 18,000 plants per mu, with spacing between plants of 13–16 cm and rows 26 cm apart. For branching varieties, plant 8,000 to 10,000 plants per mu, with spacing of 22–24 cm and row spacing of 33 cm. After seedlings emerge, thinning should be done in stages: remove weak seedlings when the first true leaves appear, then again when the fourth true leaf develops, ensuring balanced growth and preventing weak seedlings.
Chemical weed control is essential. Within three days of sowing, apply 200–250 ml of 48% paraquat per mu or 100 ml of 72% dichlorprop per mu, diluted in water and sprayed evenly on the soil. In dry or heavy soils, irrigation should be done before spraying. Fields with high organic matter should increase the dosage by 20%. Post-emergence herbicides can also be used, applying 10.8% fenoxaprop-ethyl EC at 20–30 ml per mu, or 15% chlorpyrifos EC at 40–50 ml per mu, mixed with 40–50 kg of water. Spraying should be done early in the morning after rain or dew, with more water added in dry conditions. During the rainy season, two applications are recommended.
Fertilization plays a key role in maximizing yield. Apply 2,500 kg of well-decomposed farmyard manure per mu, along with 25–30 kg of superphosphate and 5 kg of urea if organic fertilizer is lacking. Mix phosphate fertilizer with manure and allow it to decompose for at least 15 days before incorporating into the soil during shallow tillage. During the flowering and podding stage, which accounts for about 70% of nutrient uptake, additional fertilizers should be applied. Top-dressing with 10–15 kg of ammonium sulfate or 7.5–10 kg of urea per mu, combined with foliar sprays of 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% borax, can significantly boost production.
Timely topping is crucial for promoting better yield. It should be done after the full fruiting stage, when the main stem's top growth slows down. Choose a sunny morning to carefully remove the apical bud.
Pest and disease control is also vital. Common issues include stem blight, wilt, leaf spot, anthracnose, bacterial wilt, virus, aphids, cutworms, and stink bugs. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are necessary to keep these threats under control.
Pressure Gauge,Fire Extinguisher Pressure Gauges,Fire Extinguisher Gauges,Fire Extinguisher Gauge
Nanjing Txfire International Trade Co., Ltd , https://www.txfireequipment.com