Field Management
Proper field management is crucial for the healthy growth of Miao Ding seedlings. It is important to transplant seedlings at the right time, following the principle of "early thinning and late planting" to ensure strong and uniform seedlings. The first thinning should be done when the first true leaves appear, removing weak, diseased, or deformed seedlings. Only robust seedlings with thick cotyledons, dark green leaves, and clear variety characteristics should be left, typically keeping 2 to 3 per square meter. During the second thinning, when the plant has 3 to 4 true leaves, additional weak or damaged seedlings are removed, leaving about 2 mu per pond. When the plant reaches 5 to 6 true leaves, one strong seedling per hill should be kept, while the rest are removed to promote better root development.
Watering must be carefully managed for Japanese disease-resistant radishes, which have large leaf areas, shallow lateral roots, and low drought tolerance. Watering should be adjusted according to the growing season, rainfall, soil type, temperature, groundwater levels, air humidity, and soil moisture. After sowing, the soil should be fully watered to maintain an effective water content above 80% for rapid and even germination. Seedlings in the early stage require less water, with a soil moisture level around 60%. Before the "white tip" stage, watering should be reduced to control lateral root growth and encourage deeper root penetration. During the "white tip" to "strapless" stage, when the leaves grow vigorously and the roots begin to swell, consistent irrigation is essential to support leaf development without overwatering, which could cause leggy growth and weaken the roots. The principle of "not too much, not too little, water only when the soil surface dries" should be followed, with soil moisture maintained at around 80%.
During the root enlargement period, from "bared shoulder" to "Yuandian," sufficient and even watering is needed to keep the soil moisture between 70% and 80%, with air humidity between 80% and 90%. This helps improve the quality and yield of the radish. Proper watering also prevents hollow roots and enhances storage capacity. Watering should stop 7 to 10 days before harvest to improve quality and shelf life. Although Japanese disease-resistant radishes require more water, they are not tolerant to waterlogging. Drainage should be ensured during heavy rains to prevent root rot and black heart disease.
Fertilization should follow the principle of combining nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, with a focus on base fertilizer and supplementary top-dressing. In the early growth stages, nutrient demand is relatively low, but as the plant grows, the need for N, P, and K increases, especially during the peak of root enlargement. Nitrogen is most needed during the seedling and rosette stages, while phosphorus and potassium become more critical during the root expansion phase.
Top-dressing should be applied based on specific conditions. After the first cultivation, a solution of human waste and urine (1:10) or 5 kg of urea can be used. A second top-dressing with 25 kg of ammonium nitrate or 2000 kg of human waste water can be applied when the plant starts to develop its belly. During the root swelling period, 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate, 20 kg of calcium, and 3-5 kg of urea can be applied to promote growth and increase yield. To prevent black heart disease, a foliar spray of 0.2–1.25% borax solution can be used. Fertilizer should be applied near the roots, not on the leaves, and no fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be used within 20 days of harvest.
Weeding, soil cultivation, and removal of yellow leaves are essential throughout the growth period, typically done 2–3 times. Early weeding promotes quick emergence, straight roots, and reduces weed competition. Mid-season weeding improves root respiration, prevents root diseases, and enhances temperature differences to boost nutrient accumulation. Soil cultivation should be shallow at first, then gradually deeper, especially during the final cultivation. When rows close, cultivation should stop to avoid damaging the leaves and reducing photosynthesis. Weeds should be removed promptly, and exposed roots should be covered to encourage upright growth. In the late growth stage, old yellow leaves should be removed to reduce nutrient consumption and improve air circulation.
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