China is the world's largest producer of rapeseed, generating approximately 6 to 7 million tons of rapeseed meal annually. This byproduct is a rich source of natural vegetable protein, with a protein content and amino acid profile comparable to that of soybean meal. However, the presence of toxic or anti-nutritional compounds such as glucosinolates, phytic acid, and tannins limits its use in animal feed. These substances can cause digestive issues, reduced palatability, and even poisoning in monogastric animals like pigs and chickens.
Traditional detoxification methods for rapeseed meal include physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Physical methods primarily aim to inactivate the enzyme myrosinase, but recent research has shown that glucosinolates themselves are not harmless. Some gut microbes can also break them down into toxic compounds, making this method less effective.
Chemical detoxification involves processes like acid-base hydrolysis, metal salt catalysis, and solvent leaching. Among these, the two-phase extraction method developed by Canadian researchers Rubin and Diosady has achieved over 90% detoxification efficiency. However, it leads to significant dry matter loss, high costs, and environmental pollution, which hinder its widespread application.
Biological detoxification, on the other hand, uses enzymes or microorganisms to break down harmful compounds. Enzymatic hydrolysis typically involves adding glucosinolate-degrading enzymes and activators like vitamin C to speed up the breakdown process. While this method effectively removes phytic acid and polyphenols, it suffers from high costs and limited enzyme availability, making large-scale industrialization difficult.
Microbial fermentation offers a more sustainable alternative. By using microbial starter cultures, such as Jinbao Feed Starter, the detoxification process becomes simpler, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. The method involves mixing corn flour, wheat bran, rice bran, and rapeseed cake powder in a ratio of 20:30:10:40. Then, add 20% of the microbial starter, mix thoroughly, and add water to achieve around 65% moisture. Seal the mixture in containers and ferment for 2–3 days. Once fermentation is complete, the treated meal becomes highly palatable for livestock. It can be gradually introduced into full-price feeds, replacing up to 40–50% of traditional feed, significantly reducing costs while maintaining nutritional value. For more details, visit the official website or contact the manufacturer directly.
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