In the period before and after the beginning of spring, vegetable production in the Beijing area enters a critical phase of transplanting. Once transplanted, as the soil thaws and temperatures rise, various vegetable pests and diseases tend to peak, causing significant damage. To help farmers enhance their awareness of prevention and control, and improve their management skills, this report outlines the current trends in major vegetable pests and diseases for the spring of 2008 in the Beijing region, along with key prevention and control strategies for reference.
**Trend Analysis:**
The meteorological department predicts that the average temperature from winter 2007 to spring 2008 will be higher than usual. Winter precipitation was close to normal, while spring rainfall is slightly above average. These conditions are favorable for the survival, development, and reproduction of pests like whiteflies, leafminers, and thrips, leading to increased infestation levels. Meanwhile, the higher moisture content supports the spread of fungal diseases such as downy mildew, powdery mildew, and sclerotinia. Over time, the accumulation of pathogens in the soil also increases the risk of root-knot nematode disease and other soil-borne illnesses. Based on these factors, it is expected that the overall incidence of vegetable pests and diseases during spring 2008 will be moderate. Most common pests will remain at annual levels, though some may appear locally or in certain areas, especially in greenhouses where damage can be more severe.
Diseases such as cucumber downy mildew, melon powdery mildew, tomato leaf mold, tomato gray mold, lettuce sclerotinia, melon blight, and pests like white (smoke) flies, spotted flies, and red spider mites are expected to occur at moderate levels. Tomato late blight, early blight, cucumber bacterial leaf spot, and anthracnose will likely be light to moderate. In some regions, particularly in individual greenhouses, certain diseases and pests may become severe.
**Control Measures:**
To manage key pests and diseases such as botrytis, downy mildew, late blight, leaf mold, early blight, sclerotinia, powdery mildew, bacterial leaf spot, and whiteflies, the following steps are recommended:
1. Before transplanting, ensure clean seedlings by selecting disease-free varieties and thoroughly disinfecting the nursery. This helps prevent the spread of pathogens.
2. Deep plowing and proper soil preparation, along with the use of well-decomposed farmyard manure, will improve soil quality. Apply appropriate amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Before planting, spray the ground, walls, and greenhouse films with a slightly stronger concentration than usual to sterilize surfaces. For root-knot nematodes, apply 1.8% avermectin EC at 1–1.5 ml per square meter diluted 2000–3000 times, or use 10% benomyl granules mixed with soil or sand.
3. Maintain optimal temperature and humidity levels. During clear weather, allow maximum air circulation in the morning to reduce humidity. Avoid watering on cloudy days or immediately after rain. Balanced fertilization and timely removal of infected leaves and fruits are essential. When sclerotium spores begin to germinate, remove them to minimize initial infection sources. At the early stage of tomato fruit growth, remove petals and stigmas to reduce gray mold risk. Regularly remove diseased plants and pests from the field.
4. Use yellow sticky traps to monitor and trap whiteflies, leafminers, and aphids. Place traps every 10–12 meters, ensuring they are slightly above the plant canopy.
5. Apply high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and low-residue pesticides as needed. For botrytis and sclerotinia, use 50% propiconazole WP or 65% tebuconazole WP at 800–1000 times dilution. Sclerotinia can be treated with a paste form of the same product directly applied to infected stems. For downy mildew and late blight, use 80% mancozeb WP or 45% chlorothalonil smoke. For leaf mold and powdery mildew, sulfur fumigation and fungicides like 40% fenoxycarb emulsion can be effective. Bacterial leaf spot can be controlled with 20% kasugamycin suspension. Whiteflies and aphids can be managed with combinations like 25% imidacloprid or 1.8% abamectin EC.
When applying pesticides, add 5 grams of “Simple†agricultural organic silicone to 15 liters of solution to improve coverage and efficiency. After planting, if root-knot nematodes are detected, apply 1.8% avermectin EC at 1000 times dilution or 15% weiguan microemulsion 1–2 times. These measures can significantly reduce pest and disease impact, helping farmers maintain healthy and productive crops throughout the growing season.
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