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Bailing mushroom, also known as *Pleurotus ostreatus* var. *bailinensis*, is a rare and highly valued edible fungus. It features a bright white fruit body, thick and tender flesh, with a crisp texture and rich flavor. Not only is it nutritious, but it also has significant medicinal and economic value. In recent years, its cultivation has been rapidly expanding in northern China. However, many farmers still face challenges when using traditional material fermentation methods. Due to limited experience and poor technical skills, the yield of Bailing mushrooms in bag cultivation remains low, leading to poor economic returns and reduced enthusiasm among growers.
To improve the efficiency and quality of Bailing mushroom cultivation, using corn cobs and sawdust as the main substrates has become a popular approach. Below are the specific steps for preparing and fermenting the materials:
1. **Recipe Formulations**
- **Formula 1**: Corn cob 80%, rice bran 12%, corn flour 4%, gypsum 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime 2%.
- **Formula 2**: Corn cob 50%, hardwood sawdust 30%, rice bran 10%, corn flour 6%, gypsum 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime 2%.
- **Note**: For both formulas, it's recommended to add about 5% of a Gluco Fermenting Agent to enhance the fermentation process and improve substrate quality.
2. **Preparation and Fermentation Process**
Start by selecting clean, mold-free corn cobs and crushing them into bean-sized particles. Weigh the required raw materials according to the chosen formula, mix them thoroughly, and then add water until the moisture content reaches around 65%. The ideal consistency is when the material can be squeezed without dripping water.
Once mixed, stack the materials into piles approximately 1 to 1.2 meters high and 1.5 meters wide, with no restriction on length. Drill ventilation holes with a diameter of about 5 cm, spaced 40 cm apart, and ensure they reach the bottom of the pile. Cover the pile with plastic sheets and straw curtains to maintain temperature and humidity.
When the core temperature of the pile rises to 60–70°C, turn the pile over. Repeat this process 3–4 times. Each time the temperature reaches 60–70°C again, perform another turn. When the material turns tan in color, becomes soft and flexible, and emits a unique fragrance, it indicates that the fermentation is complete. At this point, adjust the moisture content to 65% and proceed to bag the material for inoculation.
This method not only improves the quality of the growing medium but also increases the yield and profitability of Bailing mushroom farming, helping more farmers succeed in this promising agricultural venture.
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