By adopting an innovative and cost-effective method of fish co-cultivation, farmers can harvest between 2,000 to 3,000 kilograms of fresh tadpoles and 100 to 300 kilograms of fish per mu. This approach yields 50% to 80% more compared to traditional paddy fish farming techniques. The system involves constructing fish ditches and nests, which serve as both habitats and activity areas for the fish. These structures should occupy over 10% of the total area, ideally around 15%. The ditches should be at least 1 meter deep, while the nests should be 2 meters wide and 1.5 meters or deeper. They need to be interconnected for efficient water flow. In some cases, grass mud ponds and water inlets can be used to create permanent ditch-nest systems.
Improving the stocking structure is essential. As the lotus leaves begin to cover most of the water surface, oxygen levels tend to drop, and plankton becomes less abundant, while zoobenthos, aquatic plants, and insects increase. Therefore, it's best to stock fish that are tolerant of low oxygen levels and can feed on available food sources, such as oysters, clams, herring, tilapia, and squid. A small number of quail or other compatible species can also be introduced. It's crucial to carefully manage the quantity, size, and timing of grass carp feeding to avoid damaging the lotus roots.
Proper fertilization is another key factor. In Putian, urea and ammonium bicarbonate are commonly used, applied before the lotus leaves start to grow. Each acre typically requires 25 to 50 kilograms of fertilizer. To minimize the impact on fish, a half-side, half-side application method can be employed, ensuring that one side remains free from fertilizer while the other is treated.
Various farming methods can be implemented, such as the "Yu-ping fish type," "fish rotation," and "squid and fish" systems. The "Yu-ping fish type" involves planting duckweed in shallow waters and raising fish in deeper areas. Duckweed serves as a natural and nutritious feed for fish, while also providing a favorable environment. The fish waste acts as organic fertilizer, enhancing the growth of lotus and promoting a sustainable cycle within the ecosystem.
Effective management is vital. Regular checks of fishing equipment are necessary to prevent fish from escaping. Maintaining cleanliness by promptly removing leftover bait and debris is important. Fresh water should be added regularly to maintain an optimal water level in the ditches and nests. Fertilization must consider both the fish and the overall health of the system.
In addition, it’s recommended to periodically spray bleaching powder and feed garlic, leeks, or furazolidone to improve fish health and resistance to disease. These practices help ensure a thriving and productive aquaculture system that benefits both the environment and the farmer's yield.
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