In recent years, due to industrial restructuring and urban expansion, many old vegetable fields have been taken over, while some grain fields and wastelands have been converted into new vegetable plots. However, these newly established vegetable fields often face several unfavorable conditions, such as shallow soil layers, poor permeability, low soil fertility, insufficient organic matter, and improper irrigation and drainage systems. As a result, it is essential to accelerate soil improvement efforts to maintain nutrient balance and promote soil maturation, thereby creating favorable conditions for high vegetable yields.
To improve the fertility of these new vegetable fields, several effective methods can be applied. First, deep plowing and soil improvement are crucial. Many original grain fields have poor soil quality with a tillage layer of only about 15 cm. After conversion to vegetable fields, the cultivation layer needs to be deepened gradually to enhance physical properties. This can be done during summer and autumn when vegetables are not in production, with two deep plowings each season to reach a depth of 25–40 cm.
Second, adding organic fertilizers is an important step. Organic materials such as compost, urban waste, and organic manure help improve soil structure, increase water retention, and boost nutrient availability. They also supply essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are vital for vegetable growth. This practice is especially critical for new vegetable fields that lack sufficient organic matter.
Third, planting legume green manure is beneficial. Legumes, such as peas and beans, can fix atmospheric nitrogen, and when their leaves and stems are returned to the soil, they enrich the land with organic matter and nitrogen. This not only improves soil fertility but also supports long-term productivity.
Fourth, implementing rational crop rotation is essential. Continuous planting of the same vegetable species can lead to soil acidification, salinization, and disease buildup. In areas where grain fields are being converted, proper crop rotation should be emphasized. By alternating different types of vegetables, nutrient depletion can be reduced, and soil health can be maintained. Including legumes in the rotation helps recycle phosphorus and potassium, making them available for future crops.
Moreover, tailored measures should be taken based on the specific conditions of each plot. For instance, poorly drained areas need better drainage solutions, and acidic soils require lime application. The process of cultivating new vegetable plots is a long-term endeavor, requiring consistent effort and multiple strategies to achieve noticeable results. Local farmers should adapt their practices according to their specific land conditions to ensure sustainable and productive vegetable farming.
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