(1) The symptoms do not appear immediately at the onset of the disease. Initially, white fungal hyphae begin to spread along the main stem, while brown spots start to develop on the leaves. As the infection progresses, the roots gradually turn brown, become soft and moist, and emit a sour smell. Over time, the roots darken and rot, leading to the wilting and eventual death of the plant.
(2) This is a fungal disease that typically occurs during the hot and humid months of June to August. High humidity and warm temperatures create ideal conditions for the pathogen to thrive and spread rapidly.
(3) To prevent and control this disease, several measures can be taken. First, after harvesting, it is important to clean the fields thoroughly and burn any infected leaves to prevent further spread. Second, during the rainy season, proper drainage should be ensured to reduce soil moisture and lower the humidity in the field. Third, when the disease first appears, apply a 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture or 65% mancozeb diluted to 500 times. Spraying should be done every 7 to 10 days, with 2 to 3 applications recommended for effective control.
In addition, maintaining good crop hygiene, rotating planting areas, and using resistant varieties can also help reduce the risk of infection. Early detection and prompt action are key to preventing widespread damage. Regular monitoring of the plants and the environment is strongly advised to manage the disease effectively.
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