Green shrimp, also known as grass shrimp, is a unique and highly regarded species in our province's aquaculture industry. It has gained recognition both domestically and internationally for its quality and taste. The following are the key technical practices for pond farming of green shrimp.
1. **Pond Conditions**
The ponds should be located in areas with ample and fresh water supply. The ideal size of each pond ranges from 1,500 to 3,500 square meters, with a water depth between 1.5 to 2 meters. Before stocking, the ponds must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. If possible, drain the water and expose the pond bottom for about a week to improve hygiene. A deep ditch should be dug at the bottom, and one side can be used as a collection area during harvest. Submerged aquatic plants like *Vallisneria* or *Hydrilla verticillata* should be planted around the pond, covering approximately 1/4 to 1/3 of the bottom area. Additionally, bamboo shoots can be tied into brooms and placed in rows within the water to provide shelter for the shrimp. These can be removed when netting and reused after drying.
2. **Stocking Shrimp**
Shrimp can be stocked in either summer or autumn. Summer stocking usually takes place from early March to April, aiming to raise wintering seedlings. The recommended size for these seedlings is 1,000 to 3,000 per kilogram, with a stocking density of 15,000 to 20,000 per 667 square meters. Autumn stocking typically occurs from June to July, using seedlings of 2,000 to 5,000 per kilogram, with a density of 30,000 to 40,000 per 667 square meters. The seedlings should be uniform in size, healthy, and active. Stocking is best done on cloudy or sunny days, preferably in the morning or late afternoon, to avoid stress caused by high temperatures.
3. **Feeding Management**
Green shrimp have specific feeding preferences. They prefer plant-based feeds such as peanut cake and soybean cake but do not like rapeseed or cottonseed cakes. They also enjoy eating clams and snails, though they are less efficient at utilizing animal waste. Daily feeding should be controlled at 4% to 8% of the total shrimp biomass. To improve feeding efficiency, a combination of "splashing" and "casting" methods is recommended. Artificial feed should be made into pellets rather than powder. A balanced diet should include 20% to 30% animal-based ingredients, along with bone meal, shell powder, crab shell powder, trace elements, and other additives.
4. **Preventing Predation and Escape**
To prevent wild fish and predators from entering the pond, all incoming water should pass through a fine mesh filter. Similarly, the outlet should be covered with a dense mesh to stop shrimp from escaping. If shrimp grow too large or become overpopulated, the drainage system can be managed to control density. In cases where wild fish are difficult to manage, small numbers of large squid species can be introduced, as they tend to avoid preying on green shrimp and can help control the wild fish population.
5. **Water Quality Control**
Green shrimp thrive in clean, well-oxygenated water. When dissolved oxygen levels exceed 5 mg/L, their feeding activity increases, and their metabolism becomes more active. However, if the level drops below 2.5 mg/L, they may stop feeding and exhibit floating head symptoms, which can lead to suffocation. Regular monitoring and water exchange are essential to maintain optimal conditions.
6. **Water Management**
Freshwater should be regularly added to maintain a water transparency of at least 0.4 meters. Daily inspections in the early morning are crucial. If shrimp are seen climbing the banks, it’s a sign of low oxygen, and immediate action—such as adding fresh water or using aerators—is needed. Fertilization should be done carefully to promote natural food sources, using organic fertilizers for long-term benefits. If medication is required, only approved drugs should be used, and dosages must be strictly controlled to ensure the safety of the shrimp.
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