Penicillin has a good effect on most diseases caused by gram-positive bacteria, such as respiratory infections, erysipelas, anthrax, and septicemia, and has a strong antibacterial effect on various spirochetes and actinomycetes; oxacillin, O-chloropenicillin, dichloropenicillin and benzathine penicillin have reliable effects on respiratory tract infections, mastitis, wound infections and sepsis caused by penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Choose the appropriate route of administration
Most of the penicillin veterinary drugs are unstable to acid and are easily destroyed by stomach acid and digestive enzymes. Therefore, the effect of oral administration is poor or ineffective. The most suitable administration route for penicillin veterinary drugs is intramuscular injection. Absorption is fast and complete after intramuscular injection, and the curative effect is exact.
Clinical application precautions
1. Allergic reactions. Penicillin veterinary drugs generally have no adverse reactions in the animal body, but occasional allergic reactions to individual animals can cause anaphylactic shock in severe cases. Allergic livestock are commonly found in horses, baboons, pigs, and dogs. Swelling, excitement, muscle tremors, rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing, unstable standing, convulsions and other symptoms occur shortly after injection. Therefore, in the course of medication should pay attention to observation, if there is an allergic reaction, should immediately stop using drugs, while using epinephrine or dexamethasone for rescue.
2. Potassium penicillin is not suitable for intravenous injection and it should be injected intramuscularly. In the use of penicillin potassium salt should also pay attention to animal blood potassium changes, generally prohibit the use of large quantities, especially for patients with hyperkalemia.
3 should not be fasting injection, so as not to cause suffering from livestock due to low blood sugar caused by fainting.
4. Do not arbitrarily increase the dose. Large doses or large doses of penicillin-based veterinary drugs can interfere with blood coagulation mechanisms and cause bleeding or central nervous system poisoning, causing animal convulsions, incontinence, and even paralysis. It is also possible to rapidly induce the production of β-lactamase that degrades penicillin by resistant bacteria. Therefore, in the veterinary clinic should strictly master the correct use of methods and doses.
5. It should be used immediately. Due to the instability of aqueous solutions of penicillin drugs, the longer the time of dissolution at room temperature, the lower the potency, the more decomposition products, and the sensitizing substances. Therefore, it should be ready for immediate use to ensure efficacy and reduce toxic and side effects.
6. Pay attention to incompatibility. Sulfonamide sodium and penicillin mixed will invalidate the penicillin; penicillin combined with gentamicin will make gentamicin failure; penicillin can not be mixed with tetracycline, sodium bicarbonate, vitamin c, atropine, or failure.
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