Analysis and solution of common diarrhea problems in pig farms 1. Causes of pig plague analysis The causes of swine plague are many, and the analysis is based on two different types of diarrhoea: infective and noninfectious.
1. Infectious diarrhea refers to diarrhea caused by pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc.), of which the diarrhea caused by E. coli is the most common.
(1) E.coli Infected animals carry the bacteria under normal conditions, but they do not develop the disease. When the body is subjected to adverse external environmental stimuli, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and intestinal flora disorders, E. coli colonizes and develops pathogenic effects. . E. coli infection can cause piglet blight, piglet jaundice and edema disease. Piglets White lice are characterized by milky white, off-white or green-white paste-like soft urine that discharges piglets with a special odor, sometimes with spitting. Piglet jaundice is characterized by the discharge of piglets with stench odor and yellow paste-like soft stools or yellow translucent loose stools. Piglets' yellow and white fleas occur in small day-old piglets. Swine edema disease, also known as gastrointestinal edema, is an acute sporadic disease in piglets before and after weaning. The main manifestations are sudden onset, ataxia, convulsions, local or generalized paralysis, and head edema, especially for robust pigs. disease.
(2) Infectious gastroenteritis and porcine epidemic diarrhea These two diseases are difficult to distinguish clinically. To accurately identify them, immunological tests are required. Infectious gastroenteritis is caused by a coronavirus, and swine epidemic diarrhea is caused by coronaviruses. Pigs of all ages can occur. The incidence of piglets is more serious. The incidence of pigs and pigs is lower in middle and large pigs, especially in winter. In spring, the pig farms where piglets are intensively intensively hatched have a high mortality rate (50%) and morbidity, which is a fatal blow to the pig industry.
The typical clinical symptoms of piglets after illness are sudden vomiting, sharp watery diarrhoea, yellowish, light green or grayish white, undigested curd mass, slightly elevated body temperature or no change, and rapid dehydration of the sick pigs. Loss of weight, apathy, rough coats, reduced sucking capacity or even stop sucking, trembling, loss of appetite or anorexia, onset of infection from 12 to 24 hours after infection, death from 2 to 5 days of age, mortality rate of piglets below 1 week of age reaching 50 %, Piglets after recovery have slow weight gain, lag behind growth, and even become small dead pigs without breeding value.
Second, there is porcine rotavirus disease, piglets will be discharged after the paste yellowish white or dark gray loose stools, the incidence rate of 80% to 100%, the mortality rate of more than 50%, if the secondary bacterial infection, the mortality rate will be greatly increase.
(3) Coccidiosis Coccidiosis is more serious in modern pig farms, especially in pig farms raised on high-density concentrated ground or slats. Generally, the incidence is high from July to October, and piglets from 6 to 14 days of age are It is easy to be infected. The clinical symptoms are excreted yellowish-brown or grayish-yellow stools. After 1 to 2 days, it becomes watery, loose stools, and soon dehydrated and died. Sporozoites are most harmful to pigs. Adult pigs are carriers of coccidiosis. They have immunity but do not develop disease, but they can periodically discharge eggs to pollute the environment and infect piglets.
2. Non-infectious diarrhea (1) Feeding reasons With the high intensification of feeds, the scientific requirements for compound feeds are getting higher and higher. If the feeds are improperly mixed or the feeds are not hygienic, they often cause piglets to squat. To sum up, there are the following points:
1 Sows diets with high protein levels cause piglets to squat. The protein level of piglet feed mainly depends on the energy level of the feed and the digestibility of nutrients in the feed. Due to the limitations of animal protein feed in feed ingredients in China, coupled with the restrictions on feeding and management, the protein level in the feed may not be too high. Otherwise it can cause nutritional diarrhoea in piglets. In the actual production process, when the proportion of plant protein feed such as soybean meal in piglet feed is greater than 20%, piglets can often cause diarrhea.
2 There are antinutritional factors in the piglet diet, such as antitrypsin factor list, phytic acid, α-amylase inhibitors and phytic acid prothrombin, which can easily lead to indigestion of piglets and lead to diarrhea. These anti-nutritional factors are mainly found in improperly processed plant materials.
3 Feed contains unexpanded plant protein, easy to produce antigens, induce diarrhea.
4 Iron deficiency anemia in piglets can also cause diarrhea. Iron has a physiological defense function. In addition to running iron, transferrin has the role of preventing infectious diseases in the body. Lactoferrin in milk or white blood cells can bind free iron ions into complexes in the intestine to prevent the use of E. coli. The use of Lactobacillus is important for preventing diarrhea in newborn animals. According to data, piglets' immunity can be improved by injecting or oral iron supplementation into newborn piglets.
5 feed rancid or spoilage. The source of feed is unknown, improper storage, unhygienic or expired, and the feed contains aflatoxins, bacteria, viruses and other toxins.
6 The feed has high salt content.
7 feed pH is irrational (should be controlled between 5.8 ~ 6.4 more reasonable). In weaned piglets, due to the halting of the source of breast milk and the incomplete secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, the pH in the stomach is increased, resulting in imbalance of colonies and changes in digestive enzyme activity in the digestive tract, which reduces the digestibility of feed protein, resulting in the occurrence of diarrhea. . There is a new perspective on the reason of the early weaning piglets' diarrhea. It is believed that the piglets are allergic to dietary antigens and induce diarrhea is also an important primary factor.
(2) The hygienic conditions of pig farms are poor. For example, the pig manure in the pig house is not thoroughly cleaned. The old pig house is used to raise piglets without thorough disinfection and cleaning, and the pigs in different days of age are polycultured in the same pig house. . The temperature and humidity in the pig house are unreasonable and the ventilation is poor; the epidemic prevention system is not perfect and all-in and all-out systems are not adopted. Can lead to various stages of swine diarrhea.
Fermented bed culture is not as regular as it is in the pens, and the climate in the pens cannot be updated and ventilation will lead to air pollution and diarrhea.
Special Note: The fermentation bed of "water bucket type" (also called "tank type") structure, that is, the four sides or three sides of the single circle of the pigpen (the three sides are airtight partitions may be called "half bucket type" The partition walls of "or semi-tank type" are almost all made up of "real brick walls" or "cement boards." Floorless windows or floor windows are too high or too small to basically do not work, and their air is polluted and the ventilation conditions are good. Very bad. Since the average person (non-professional technician) has a height of 1.5-1.8 meters and smells only an air layer more than one meter above the ground, he is generally not likely to be able to smell the air from the bed at 0-50 cm. Therefore, it is easy to cause illusions or misjudgments, that is, mistakenly believe that the air on the bed of the fermentation bed is as good as 1.5 meters above the ground, resulting in a serious degree of bed air (or “pollutionâ€) and humidity exceeding the standard for a long time, and causing serious diarrhea in pigs. Hidden dangers and dangers.
(3) Wrong in pig management Sows are over-fed at the time of farrowing, sows are over fed before or after birth, and sows are constipated when they suddenly change their feed or change their feeding methods during the last few days of pregnancy and during farrowing. Sow fever, such as uterus or mastitis, not only raises the sow's body temperature, but also releases toxins that cause the piglet to fall.
Piglets do not eat colostrum after delivery, piglets are not cleaned in the trough or water, and piglets are not fresh or unhygienic.
(4) Gastrointestinal microecological imbalance: mainly due to improper use of antibiotics, or the influence of other factors to unbalance the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to piglet diarrhoea.
3. Humidity of the fermentation bed If the ventilation is poor, there are no windows such as sunroofs, windows, etc. The excess moisture does not drain out, causing the humidity in the fermentation bed to become larger, so that the cold of the pig can also lead to diarrhea. Sometimes because of the previous batch of slaughter, the vacant fermentation bed has been trampled by a pig without a foot. The relatively static damp litter layer is easy to mold. The new pig comes in and eats it and pulls it.
4. Incorrect fermentation bed maintenance and management The fermentation bed should be supplemented with fresh litter and strain according to the degree of litter consumption, and the fermentation bed should be turned regularly to accelerate the decomposition of the fermentation bed so that the fermentation bed can be maintained in a better operating state. A steady stream of effectiveness. After a batch of pigs are slaughtered, the surface shall be sprayed with disinfectant water, deep-frozen once or piled up and fermented, supplemented with fresh sawdust and then fed into the pigs to avoid rapid propagation of disease microorganisms such as molds during emptying, and diarrhea after eating the pigs. .
Second, the solution
1, housing structure:
The overall structure within Chen Weibo is relatively reasonable, but further improvements are needed as follows: (1) Without a floor window, about 20 cm*25 cm of floor windows should be installed about 10 cm above the bedding.
2 The partition between individual houses is now a cement wall, which is not conducive to the rapid escape of dirty air, water vapor, and moisture, but is beneficial to the survival of mold, and it is a convenient and convenient way for pigs to inadvertently eat moldy litter to cause diarrhoea. Therefore, it should be replaced by a railing as soon as possible.
"Fuel bucket" structure of the fermentation bed is most likely to cause air pollution, ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide and other harmful gas retention, and the accumulation of moist water vapor, easy to grow mold is misunderstood and toxic poisoning pigs. In addition, the bedding of misshapen molds may also cause the pig's immune system to decline or cause other diseases in the pig (for example, some pigs are inherently "recessive" carriers of certain germs, which are more likely to cause lesions). Severe cases can cause pig's death.
2, litter processing:
1 heap fermentation sterilization. After a batch of slaughter, before the next batch of pigs, especially the outsourced pigs, enters the stalls, the litter accumulation fermentation uses high-temperature sterilization, and the litter can be accumulated to be 1.2-1.5 meters high, 2 meters wide and 2-3 meters long. The accumulation of fermentation for three days to five days, until the reactor temperature rose to 65 °C (in this temperature range of pathogenic microorganisms can not survive basically), overturned once or twice, and then spread out, so that the litter water is lost to the degree of mold.
In severely damp or severely squatted pens, the litter is fermented and disinfected, and is divided into two halves, which are laid separately in two fermentation beds and covered with 20-30 cm of dry new bedding. The total thickness is still not lower than 50 cm.
2 Add some dried sawdust. As you can see from the photos, the existing litter particles are fine, which will affect the air permeability of the litter. Some dry rice hulls can be added to enhance the air permeability of the litter.
(3) Pigs with severe individual conditions should be isolated to “circulatory circles†(circulatory housing can be either a cement housing or a new bed made of new dry litter. To avoid suspicion, it is best to use a cement housing as a temporary turnover. Circle) Observe and treat. After being cured, transfer to the fermentation bed again. Special Note: Pigs about 100 pounds are prone to ileitis, should be promptly requested veterinary diagnosis, as soon as possible isolation treatment.
According to the above operation, and the pig itself has no other dominant or recessive disease, usually about a week, the situation will improve or the symptoms will disappear.
Second, there are several "misunderstandings" in pig breeding
Pig-raising in the fermentation bed is a new thing. Because farmers have been affected by many years of traditional concepts and have doubts or contradictions about the fermentation bed culture method, there are certain misunderstandings that are inevitable. Generally speaking, pig farmers are facing the fermentation bed culture. The pig's misunderstanding roughly has the following aspects.
1. It is believed that disinfection affects the activity of the fermentation bed. Some people believe that the use of a fermentation bed cannot completely disinfect the pig house, but studies have found that the disinfectant has little effect on the fermentation bed. Wang Zhenling and other experts (2009) of the Daxing District Animal Health Surveillance Bureau conducted relevant research and demonstrated that after disinfecting the kings with chlorine dioxide and Witness, there were some species of litters at 0 cm, 5 cm, and l5 cm. The impact, having a slight effect on the surface, had little effect on the interior of the litter, but the bacterial count began to recover over time after 48 hours. This also confirms that the fermentation bed can be properly sterilized. In fact, the fermentation bed itself is a "sterile bed," and it is not necessary to sterilize the fermentation bed. During disinfection, it is only necessary to sterilize the periphery of the fermentation bed such as the walkway and food trough, and in particular sterilize the entrance to the farm. In a safe biological system.
2, that the fermentation bed is easy to spread the disease. The study found that pathogenic microorganisms and parasites will die in the environment around 45°C for a long time. The temperature in the fermentation bed is far greater than this temperature, so as long as the management is properly managed, the maintenance and management of the fermentation bed can be performed regularly, and pig disease on the fermentation bed can be effectively controlled. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that pigs entering the fermentation bed are healthy. In particular, introducing irregularities will bring about various health risks. Only by cutting off the source of pathogens and routes of transmission and completing the immune disinfection of pig farms, there is no need to worry about fermentation beds contagious diseases.
Attachment: Immunization programs for common pigs
1. Piglets were injected with 3-4 swine fever vaccines 20 days after birth and streptococcal vaccine (2 ml) was injected on the other side.
2. Puppy pseudorabies freeze-dried vaccine (2ml) after weaning at 25 days of age
3. 30-35 days after the birth of the piglet, a second injection of typhoid freeze-dried vaccine (1 serving)
4. Foot-and-mouth disease vaccine (2ml) injected 40 days after birth and 70 days injection (3ml)
5. Piglets should be injected with 4-5 doses of swine fever vaccine 60 days after birth, and the other side should be injected with 2 doses of erysipelas lung.
Sows
1. After the weaning, 6 pigs were injected and the other side was injected with 2 doses of ND vaccine.
2. Inject 3 ml of pseudorabies vaccine 30 days before delivery.
3, E. coli 4ml before injection 40-15, 3ml streptococci.
4, 20 days after childbirth, 1 case of attenuated blue ear disease vaccine, 35 days before birth, injection of a blue ear disease vaccine.
5. JEs are injected every year in mid-April of the sow.
6. Inject 4 ml of No. 5 disease vaccine before mating.
Reserve sow
1. The gilt vaccine should be injected two months before the gilts are bred and re-injected two weeks before breeding.
2. Four gilthead seedlings were injected two weeks before gilt breeding.
3. 2 ml of pseudorabies vaccine should be injected in the first half of the month before gilt breeding.
4. One sapling of JE vaccine is injected 1 month before gilt breeding, while the other side is injected with 2 vaccines.
Boar
1. From March to September every year, six swine fever vaccines are injected and two vaccines are injected on the other side.
2. JE vaccine is injected every April.
3, every time the autumn injection of wilting seedlings.
4. Pseudorabies vaccine is injected every year from March to September.
5. Reserves of boars were injected with parvovirus vaccine before June and June.
6. Two times a year for boar and foot-and-mouth disease vaccines for boars.
Diseased farms
1. In swine farms with swine fever, piglets should be immunized once, with 2 piglets per piglet (colostrum after 2 hours).
2. With swollen pig farms, piglets are immunized once 7-10 days of age, and boosted once more after 3 weeks.
3, suffering from pseudorabies farms, piglets injected a pseudorabies vaccine after weaning.
4. Pigs suffering from gasping disease should receive a 30-35-day injection of a gasp disease vaccine.
5, suffering from streptococcus pig farm first 20-25 days to avoid a 60-day-old two free, after the spring and autumn after each free once, regardless of the size of the pig will be injected twice.
3, that the fermentation bed will become thicker and thicker. Some people think that the pigs continuously produce excrement. For a long time, the pigs roll in the dung soup and the excrement overflows and piles up like a mountain. In fact, the opposite is true because the sawdust and rice husks are fluffy, absorbing feces and urine, and the decomposition of microorganisms. After the activity of pigs and artificial overturning, the urine and litter are transformed through various physiological and biochemical functions. It becomes volatile, deposited and can be eaten by pigs, so the thickness of the litter will not only become thick but will become thinner.
4, think that because the pig often eats litter, the quality of the meat will not be good. Many ecological breeding bases have conducted detailed identification of various indexes of pork produced in fermentation beds and found that the pork quality of pigs in fermentation beds is significantly better than that of pollution-free pork standards, and the selling price is much higher than that of conventional pork. Times, such as Xiangyang ecological pork has been reported. In fact, the feed formula for pigs has the limitation of crude fiber index according to the nutritional needs of pigs. Those who do not like to eat and eat indigestible food will not eat it. Pigs can only eat the mycelium protein in the litter. All kinds of digestible long-acting nutrients, thus improving the intestinal tract, increasing the disease resistance rate, and using less medicine to grow healthy and healthy meat will be better.
5, that the fermentation bed does not require maintenance and management. Many users were misled by the advertisement of the “lazy man pig raising†business, and felt that after the normal operation of the fermented mattress material, it would not require maintenance and management. In fact, this is a misunderstanding. Although the fermentation bed reduces the labor intensity of excrement and urine clearance to a certain extent, the better products also need maintenance. The fermentation bed also needs to be overturned, supplemented with litter and bacteria, to create suitable conditions for the microbes to be long-term and sustainable. The function of the fermentation bed is stable.
1. Infectious diarrhea refers to diarrhea caused by pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc.), of which the diarrhea caused by E. coli is the most common.
(1) E.coli Infected animals carry the bacteria under normal conditions, but they do not develop the disease. When the body is subjected to adverse external environmental stimuli, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and intestinal flora disorders, E. coli colonizes and develops pathogenic effects. . E. coli infection can cause piglet blight, piglet jaundice and edema disease. Piglets White lice are characterized by milky white, off-white or green-white paste-like soft urine that discharges piglets with a special odor, sometimes with spitting. Piglet jaundice is characterized by the discharge of piglets with stench odor and yellow paste-like soft stools or yellow translucent loose stools. Piglets' yellow and white fleas occur in small day-old piglets. Swine edema disease, also known as gastrointestinal edema, is an acute sporadic disease in piglets before and after weaning. The main manifestations are sudden onset, ataxia, convulsions, local or generalized paralysis, and head edema, especially for robust pigs. disease.
(2) Infectious gastroenteritis and porcine epidemic diarrhea These two diseases are difficult to distinguish clinically. To accurately identify them, immunological tests are required. Infectious gastroenteritis is caused by a coronavirus, and swine epidemic diarrhea is caused by coronaviruses. Pigs of all ages can occur. The incidence of piglets is more serious. The incidence of pigs and pigs is lower in middle and large pigs, especially in winter. In spring, the pig farms where piglets are intensively intensively hatched have a high mortality rate (50%) and morbidity, which is a fatal blow to the pig industry.
The typical clinical symptoms of piglets after illness are sudden vomiting, sharp watery diarrhoea, yellowish, light green or grayish white, undigested curd mass, slightly elevated body temperature or no change, and rapid dehydration of the sick pigs. Loss of weight, apathy, rough coats, reduced sucking capacity or even stop sucking, trembling, loss of appetite or anorexia, onset of infection from 12 to 24 hours after infection, death from 2 to 5 days of age, mortality rate of piglets below 1 week of age reaching 50 %, Piglets after recovery have slow weight gain, lag behind growth, and even become small dead pigs without breeding value.
Second, there is porcine rotavirus disease, piglets will be discharged after the paste yellowish white or dark gray loose stools, the incidence rate of 80% to 100%, the mortality rate of more than 50%, if the secondary bacterial infection, the mortality rate will be greatly increase.
(3) Coccidiosis Coccidiosis is more serious in modern pig farms, especially in pig farms raised on high-density concentrated ground or slats. Generally, the incidence is high from July to October, and piglets from 6 to 14 days of age are It is easy to be infected. The clinical symptoms are excreted yellowish-brown or grayish-yellow stools. After 1 to 2 days, it becomes watery, loose stools, and soon dehydrated and died. Sporozoites are most harmful to pigs. Adult pigs are carriers of coccidiosis. They have immunity but do not develop disease, but they can periodically discharge eggs to pollute the environment and infect piglets.
2. Non-infectious diarrhea (1) Feeding reasons With the high intensification of feeds, the scientific requirements for compound feeds are getting higher and higher. If the feeds are improperly mixed or the feeds are not hygienic, they often cause piglets to squat. To sum up, there are the following points:
1 Sows diets with high protein levels cause piglets to squat. The protein level of piglet feed mainly depends on the energy level of the feed and the digestibility of nutrients in the feed. Due to the limitations of animal protein feed in feed ingredients in China, coupled with the restrictions on feeding and management, the protein level in the feed may not be too high. Otherwise it can cause nutritional diarrhoea in piglets. In the actual production process, when the proportion of plant protein feed such as soybean meal in piglet feed is greater than 20%, piglets can often cause diarrhea.
2 There are antinutritional factors in the piglet diet, such as antitrypsin factor list, phytic acid, α-amylase inhibitors and phytic acid prothrombin, which can easily lead to indigestion of piglets and lead to diarrhea. These anti-nutritional factors are mainly found in improperly processed plant materials.
3 Feed contains unexpanded plant protein, easy to produce antigens, induce diarrhea.
4 Iron deficiency anemia in piglets can also cause diarrhea. Iron has a physiological defense function. In addition to running iron, transferrin has the role of preventing infectious diseases in the body. Lactoferrin in milk or white blood cells can bind free iron ions into complexes in the intestine to prevent the use of E. coli. The use of Lactobacillus is important for preventing diarrhea in newborn animals. According to data, piglets' immunity can be improved by injecting or oral iron supplementation into newborn piglets.
5 feed rancid or spoilage. The source of feed is unknown, improper storage, unhygienic or expired, and the feed contains aflatoxins, bacteria, viruses and other toxins.
6 The feed has high salt content.
7 feed pH is irrational (should be controlled between 5.8 ~ 6.4 more reasonable). In weaned piglets, due to the halting of the source of breast milk and the incomplete secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, the pH in the stomach is increased, resulting in imbalance of colonies and changes in digestive enzyme activity in the digestive tract, which reduces the digestibility of feed protein, resulting in the occurrence of diarrhea. . There is a new perspective on the reason of the early weaning piglets' diarrhea. It is believed that the piglets are allergic to dietary antigens and induce diarrhea is also an important primary factor.
(2) The hygienic conditions of pig farms are poor. For example, the pig manure in the pig house is not thoroughly cleaned. The old pig house is used to raise piglets without thorough disinfection and cleaning, and the pigs in different days of age are polycultured in the same pig house. . The temperature and humidity in the pig house are unreasonable and the ventilation is poor; the epidemic prevention system is not perfect and all-in and all-out systems are not adopted. Can lead to various stages of swine diarrhea.
Fermented bed culture is not as regular as it is in the pens, and the climate in the pens cannot be updated and ventilation will lead to air pollution and diarrhea.
Special Note: The fermentation bed of "water bucket type" (also called "tank type") structure, that is, the four sides or three sides of the single circle of the pigpen (the three sides are airtight partitions may be called "half bucket type" The partition walls of "or semi-tank type" are almost all made up of "real brick walls" or "cement boards." Floorless windows or floor windows are too high or too small to basically do not work, and their air is polluted and the ventilation conditions are good. Very bad. Since the average person (non-professional technician) has a height of 1.5-1.8 meters and smells only an air layer more than one meter above the ground, he is generally not likely to be able to smell the air from the bed at 0-50 cm. Therefore, it is easy to cause illusions or misjudgments, that is, mistakenly believe that the air on the bed of the fermentation bed is as good as 1.5 meters above the ground, resulting in a serious degree of bed air (or “pollutionâ€) and humidity exceeding the standard for a long time, and causing serious diarrhea in pigs. Hidden dangers and dangers.
(3) Wrong in pig management Sows are over-fed at the time of farrowing, sows are over fed before or after birth, and sows are constipated when they suddenly change their feed or change their feeding methods during the last few days of pregnancy and during farrowing. Sow fever, such as uterus or mastitis, not only raises the sow's body temperature, but also releases toxins that cause the piglet to fall.
Piglets do not eat colostrum after delivery, piglets are not cleaned in the trough or water, and piglets are not fresh or unhygienic.
(4) Gastrointestinal microecological imbalance: mainly due to improper use of antibiotics, or the influence of other factors to unbalance the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to piglet diarrhoea.
3. Humidity of the fermentation bed If the ventilation is poor, there are no windows such as sunroofs, windows, etc. The excess moisture does not drain out, causing the humidity in the fermentation bed to become larger, so that the cold of the pig can also lead to diarrhea. Sometimes because of the previous batch of slaughter, the vacant fermentation bed has been trampled by a pig without a foot. The relatively static damp litter layer is easy to mold. The new pig comes in and eats it and pulls it.
4. Incorrect fermentation bed maintenance and management The fermentation bed should be supplemented with fresh litter and strain according to the degree of litter consumption, and the fermentation bed should be turned regularly to accelerate the decomposition of the fermentation bed so that the fermentation bed can be maintained in a better operating state. A steady stream of effectiveness. After a batch of pigs are slaughtered, the surface shall be sprayed with disinfectant water, deep-frozen once or piled up and fermented, supplemented with fresh sawdust and then fed into the pigs to avoid rapid propagation of disease microorganisms such as molds during emptying, and diarrhea after eating the pigs. .
Second, the solution
1, housing structure:
The overall structure within Chen Weibo is relatively reasonable, but further improvements are needed as follows: (1) Without a floor window, about 20 cm*25 cm of floor windows should be installed about 10 cm above the bedding.
2 The partition between individual houses is now a cement wall, which is not conducive to the rapid escape of dirty air, water vapor, and moisture, but is beneficial to the survival of mold, and it is a convenient and convenient way for pigs to inadvertently eat moldy litter to cause diarrhoea. Therefore, it should be replaced by a railing as soon as possible.
"Fuel bucket" structure of the fermentation bed is most likely to cause air pollution, ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide and other harmful gas retention, and the accumulation of moist water vapor, easy to grow mold is misunderstood and toxic poisoning pigs. In addition, the bedding of misshapen molds may also cause the pig's immune system to decline or cause other diseases in the pig (for example, some pigs are inherently "recessive" carriers of certain germs, which are more likely to cause lesions). Severe cases can cause pig's death.
2, litter processing:
1 heap fermentation sterilization. After a batch of slaughter, before the next batch of pigs, especially the outsourced pigs, enters the stalls, the litter accumulation fermentation uses high-temperature sterilization, and the litter can be accumulated to be 1.2-1.5 meters high, 2 meters wide and 2-3 meters long. The accumulation of fermentation for three days to five days, until the reactor temperature rose to 65 °C (in this temperature range of pathogenic microorganisms can not survive basically), overturned once or twice, and then spread out, so that the litter water is lost to the degree of mold.
In severely damp or severely squatted pens, the litter is fermented and disinfected, and is divided into two halves, which are laid separately in two fermentation beds and covered with 20-30 cm of dry new bedding. The total thickness is still not lower than 50 cm.
2 Add some dried sawdust. As you can see from the photos, the existing litter particles are fine, which will affect the air permeability of the litter. Some dry rice hulls can be added to enhance the air permeability of the litter.
(3) Pigs with severe individual conditions should be isolated to “circulatory circles†(circulatory housing can be either a cement housing or a new bed made of new dry litter. To avoid suspicion, it is best to use a cement housing as a temporary turnover. Circle) Observe and treat. After being cured, transfer to the fermentation bed again. Special Note: Pigs about 100 pounds are prone to ileitis, should be promptly requested veterinary diagnosis, as soon as possible isolation treatment.
According to the above operation, and the pig itself has no other dominant or recessive disease, usually about a week, the situation will improve or the symptoms will disappear.
Second, there are several "misunderstandings" in pig breeding
Pig-raising in the fermentation bed is a new thing. Because farmers have been affected by many years of traditional concepts and have doubts or contradictions about the fermentation bed culture method, there are certain misunderstandings that are inevitable. Generally speaking, pig farmers are facing the fermentation bed culture. The pig's misunderstanding roughly has the following aspects.
1. It is believed that disinfection affects the activity of the fermentation bed. Some people believe that the use of a fermentation bed cannot completely disinfect the pig house, but studies have found that the disinfectant has little effect on the fermentation bed. Wang Zhenling and other experts (2009) of the Daxing District Animal Health Surveillance Bureau conducted relevant research and demonstrated that after disinfecting the kings with chlorine dioxide and Witness, there were some species of litters at 0 cm, 5 cm, and l5 cm. The impact, having a slight effect on the surface, had little effect on the interior of the litter, but the bacterial count began to recover over time after 48 hours. This also confirms that the fermentation bed can be properly sterilized. In fact, the fermentation bed itself is a "sterile bed," and it is not necessary to sterilize the fermentation bed. During disinfection, it is only necessary to sterilize the periphery of the fermentation bed such as the walkway and food trough, and in particular sterilize the entrance to the farm. In a safe biological system.
2, that the fermentation bed is easy to spread the disease. The study found that pathogenic microorganisms and parasites will die in the environment around 45°C for a long time. The temperature in the fermentation bed is far greater than this temperature, so as long as the management is properly managed, the maintenance and management of the fermentation bed can be performed regularly, and pig disease on the fermentation bed can be effectively controlled. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that pigs entering the fermentation bed are healthy. In particular, introducing irregularities will bring about various health risks. Only by cutting off the source of pathogens and routes of transmission and completing the immune disinfection of pig farms, there is no need to worry about fermentation beds contagious diseases.
Attachment: Immunization programs for common pigs
1. Piglets were injected with 3-4 swine fever vaccines 20 days after birth and streptococcal vaccine (2 ml) was injected on the other side.
2. Puppy pseudorabies freeze-dried vaccine (2ml) after weaning at 25 days of age
3. 30-35 days after the birth of the piglet, a second injection of typhoid freeze-dried vaccine (1 serving)
4. Foot-and-mouth disease vaccine (2ml) injected 40 days after birth and 70 days injection (3ml)
5. Piglets should be injected with 4-5 doses of swine fever vaccine 60 days after birth, and the other side should be injected with 2 doses of erysipelas lung.
Sows
1. After the weaning, 6 pigs were injected and the other side was injected with 2 doses of ND vaccine.
2. Inject 3 ml of pseudorabies vaccine 30 days before delivery.
3, E. coli 4ml before injection 40-15, 3ml streptococci.
4, 20 days after childbirth, 1 case of attenuated blue ear disease vaccine, 35 days before birth, injection of a blue ear disease vaccine.
5. JEs are injected every year in mid-April of the sow.
6. Inject 4 ml of No. 5 disease vaccine before mating.
Reserve sow
1. The gilt vaccine should be injected two months before the gilts are bred and re-injected two weeks before breeding.
2. Four gilthead seedlings were injected two weeks before gilt breeding.
3. 2 ml of pseudorabies vaccine should be injected in the first half of the month before gilt breeding.
4. One sapling of JE vaccine is injected 1 month before gilt breeding, while the other side is injected with 2 vaccines.
Boar
1. From March to September every year, six swine fever vaccines are injected and two vaccines are injected on the other side.
2. JE vaccine is injected every April.
3, every time the autumn injection of wilting seedlings.
4. Pseudorabies vaccine is injected every year from March to September.
5. Reserves of boars were injected with parvovirus vaccine before June and June.
6. Two times a year for boar and foot-and-mouth disease vaccines for boars.
Diseased farms
1. In swine farms with swine fever, piglets should be immunized once, with 2 piglets per piglet (colostrum after 2 hours).
2. With swollen pig farms, piglets are immunized once 7-10 days of age, and boosted once more after 3 weeks.
3, suffering from pseudorabies farms, piglets injected a pseudorabies vaccine after weaning.
4. Pigs suffering from gasping disease should receive a 30-35-day injection of a gasp disease vaccine.
5, suffering from streptococcus pig farm first 20-25 days to avoid a 60-day-old two free, after the spring and autumn after each free once, regardless of the size of the pig will be injected twice.
3, that the fermentation bed will become thicker and thicker. Some people think that the pigs continuously produce excrement. For a long time, the pigs roll in the dung soup and the excrement overflows and piles up like a mountain. In fact, the opposite is true because the sawdust and rice husks are fluffy, absorbing feces and urine, and the decomposition of microorganisms. After the activity of pigs and artificial overturning, the urine and litter are transformed through various physiological and biochemical functions. It becomes volatile, deposited and can be eaten by pigs, so the thickness of the litter will not only become thick but will become thinner.
4, think that because the pig often eats litter, the quality of the meat will not be good. Many ecological breeding bases have conducted detailed identification of various indexes of pork produced in fermentation beds and found that the pork quality of pigs in fermentation beds is significantly better than that of pollution-free pork standards, and the selling price is much higher than that of conventional pork. Times, such as Xiangyang ecological pork has been reported. In fact, the feed formula for pigs has the limitation of crude fiber index according to the nutritional needs of pigs. Those who do not like to eat and eat indigestible food will not eat it. Pigs can only eat the mycelium protein in the litter. All kinds of digestible long-acting nutrients, thus improving the intestinal tract, increasing the disease resistance rate, and using less medicine to grow healthy and healthy meat will be better.
5, that the fermentation bed does not require maintenance and management. Many users were misled by the advertisement of the “lazy man pig raising†business, and felt that after the normal operation of the fermented mattress material, it would not require maintenance and management. In fact, this is a misunderstanding. Although the fermentation bed reduces the labor intensity of excrement and urine clearance to a certain extent, the better products also need maintenance. The fermentation bed also needs to be overturned, supplemented with litter and bacteria, to create suitable conditions for the microbes to be long-term and sustainable. The function of the fermentation bed is stable.
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