Duck plague, also known as duck viral enteritis, is an acute contagious disease of ducks and geese. It is a disease that seriously damages the breeding industry. The disease occurs in all seasons, and it is most severe at the turn of spring and summer and autumn. Morbidity and mortality are high. The incubation period is 3 to 7 days. Once there are obvious symptoms, it usually dies in 3 to 5 days. Viruses can be transmitted through the respiratory tract and digestive tract, and healthy ducks can be cryptogenic. The susceptibility of snails and muscovy ducks was higher than that of white feather ducks. The susceptibility of mother ducks was higher than that of ducks. Most of the onset were adult ducks, followed by older young ducks, and less than one month old ducklings.
First, the symptoms
In addition to lack of energy, loss of appetite, and drowsy neck, the diseased ducks have characteristic symptoms of weakness in their legs and difficulty in walking. If they are forcibly driven, the two wings flee hard to move; they do not want to go into the water, but they can't swim by force and can't swim and quickly struggle. Shore; eye swelling, severe upper and lower eyelid commissure, eye and nose secretions increased, poor breathing, swollen head, head and neck at the junction of swelling is particularly obvious, it is called "big head lice." Rows of green or gray dilute feces, contaminated feathers around the anus, and some prolapse of the anus, the prolapse of the penis at the death of a male duck. The above symptoms may not all appear. Although the swollen head is the most characteristic, the occurrence rate is not high. Most of the sick ducks died, and a few of the ducks were obviously thin and weak. There was often a cornea (transparent membrane in front of the black eye) that was cloudy and semiblind.
Second, the necropsy changes
The pharyngeal and esophageal mucosa were covered with a grayish-yellow pseudomembrane with a rough surface that was not easy to exfoliate; the cloacal cavity was heavily congested and swollen, with purple bleeding spots or gray-yellow necrosis lesions, and the spleen was black and narrowed. Bleeding spots are widespread.
Third, the diagnosis
According to the above characteristics, a preliminary diagnosis of the disease can be made. If it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis, a laboratory diagnosis must be made.
Clinically, duck plague should be identified with duck cholera. The duration of cholera in ducks is significantly shorter than that of ducks. Duck cholera has obvious intestinal bleeding, but it lacks intestinal ulcers and pseudomembranes on the mucosal surfaces of the esophagus and cloacal cavity. Penicillin, sulfonamides and other antibiotics have a good therapeutic effect on duck cholera and have no effect on duck plague.
Fourth, prevention
Vaccine is usually used for prevention. Commonly used vaccines are "duck quail live vaccines", and immunity is produced within 3 to 4 days after injection. Can be used for newborn ducklings, immunity is only 1 month. 60-day-old injection, immunization period of 9 months. Adult ducks generally do not affect the production of eggs, but they can be immunized when they develop. Usage: Diluted vaccine with normal saline, more than 2 months of age diluted by 1 ml per pound, injected in the pectoral muscle; 20 to 60 days of age diluted by 0.25 ml or 0.5 ml per pound, injected on the chest muscle or lateral thigh; if the injection of fresh ducks Diluted 0.25 ml per pup, injected on the outside of the thigh.
Immunization procedures: The immune program of duck gizzards is more flexible and is determined according to the local epidemic. The first evasion cannot exceed 70 days.
1. Commercial ducks: In the prevalent area, 20 to 30 days of age, duck quail vaccine is intramuscularly administered at 1 to 1.2 doses, and 70 to 80 days of age are intramuscularly injected at 1.5 times. If the ducks are reared for 2 years, they may be given a 1.5-fold dose at intervals of 9 months. The best arrangement is 10 to 14 days before forced moulting. In regions where no duck gizzards are endemic, they can be immunized only once, with a 1.5-fold dose of live duck plague vaccine at 60-70 days.
2. White Feather Commercial Duck: No need to inject a duck quail vaccine, such as the popular duck quail in the vicinity, but consider a 20-day intramuscular injection of 1 dose.
V. Treatment
1. Emergency immunization: Emergency immunization should be carried out decisively for immunized or affected ducks. Two to 2.5 times the dose of live duck quail vaccine should be administered to each group of muscles. Each duck uses a needle (can be used with 50 to 100 needle rounds). After the injection, sick ducks, especially seriously ill ducks, may soon die. The rest quickly gain immunity. After 5 to 7 days, the outbreak has subsided.
2. Drug treatment: Antibiotic drugs have no effect on this disease. Contains traditional Chinese medicines that can improve the body's immune system, such as: "Lian feeling rick", "Poisonous Rickett" has a good effect on this disease. Thoroughly sterilize the polluted environment and treat deceased ducks as harmless.
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