Controlled-release fertilizers are more effective than regular sub-fertilizers to increase yield and efficiency. The yields of acres of Chinese cabbage, cabbage, and kale were increased by 11 kg, 45 kg, and 245 kg respectively, and the mu increased by 61 yuan, 109 yuan, and 406 yuan respectively. At present, Guangdong's vegetable production has two major characteristics: First, the land use index is high, and leafy vegetables are usually planted at least five times a year. Second, there is more fertilizer, more fertilizer, and more frequent fertilization. Excessive fertilization not only increases the cost of vegetable production, but also increases the labor intensity. More importantly, it leads to a decrease in the nutrient utilization rate of fertilizers. The loss of nutrients aggravates the pollution to the ecological environment. Therefore, improving the nutrient utilization rate of fertilizers, reducing the fertilization process, and reducing the fertilizer application amount have become an urgent problem to be solved in the current vegetable production. The research and practice of controlled release fertilizers in recent years show that controlled release fertilizers can delay the release of nutrients and increase the nutrient utilization of fertilizers. The application of such fertilizers can reduce the amount of fertilizer and the number of fertilizer applications. After many years of research and exploration by the Soil and Fertilizer Institute of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, on the basis of vegetable-specific fertilizers, controlled-release fertilizers have been developed using self-developed controlled-release coating materials. The fertilizer has the characteristics of pollution-free, long-lasting fertilizer and low cost. Its test results over the years are described as follows: I. Materials and methods The demonstration test of controlled-release fertilizers for vegetables was conducted in some vegetable farms in Guangzhou, including Jilin Food Farm in Boluo County. , Qunxing Food Market, Dongguan Heli Food Market, Mingfa Food Market, Guangzhou Huadu District Huida Food Market, Changgang Food Market, Yongkang Food Market, Sanshui Baoyue Vegetable Farm, and Qingyuan City Xingren Vegetable Farm. The demonstration area is generally 1-3 mu. Model vegetable varieties include Chinese cabbage, kale and cabbage. Demonstration experiments set up controlled-release fertilizers for vegetables and conventional fractionated fertilization treatments. Fertilizers controlled by controlled-release fertilizers for vegetables were produced by the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences for special fertilizer plants for crops. N:P2O5:K2O was 23:7:20. Controlled-release fertilizer was used as a base fertilizer once before site preparation. The application rate was 40 per mu. - 50 kg; Routine fractional fertilization treatment is usually applied in batches of farms, usually 50-75 kg of domestic compound fertilizer per mu, 45-60 kg of imported compound fertilizer, or 35-50 kg of homemade compound fertilizer. 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer. At the time of harvesting at each of the demonstration sites, samples of commercial cabbage, kale and cabbage were taken randomly, three replicates, and 1-2 kilograms were sampled for each replicate. The stem diameter (stem base roughness) and the weight of individual plants were measured to determine the contents of vitamin C, soluble sugar, and nitrate nitrogen. Among them, vitamin C was measured by 2,6-dichloro-indophenol titration, and the soluble sugar was determined by the ratio of anthraquinone to ketone. The color method was used to determine nitrate nitrogen by ultraviolet method. II. Results and Analysis 1. Effects of controlled release fertilizers on the quality of vegetables. Commodity quality: The survey results showed that compared with conventional fractionated fertilization treatments, vegetable controlled-release fertilizers can significantly increase the weight of single stem of Chinese cabbage, with an average increase of 15.75. %; stem diameter also increased by a certain extent, with an average increase of 5.2%. The application of vegetable controlled-release fertilizer had a more obvious effect on the growth of kale, and the average stem diameter increased by 8.7% and the single-stem weight increased by 18.75% compared with conventional fractionated fertilization treatments. Nutrition and Safety Quality: Vitamin C and soluble sugar content are important indicators to measure the nutritional quality of vegetables. Nitrate in vegetables can affect human health because it can be converted to nitrite, and its content is also used as one of the indicators of vegetable safety. Cultivation and management conditions, growing season and other factors often have a great influence on vitamin C, soluble sugar and nitrate content of leafy vegetables. The results of the analysis showed that the controlled-release fertilizer of vegetables could significantly increase the vitamin C content of Chinese cabbage and Chinese cabbage, which was increased by 14.0% and 26.0% respectively compared with the conventional fractionated fertilizer treatment; The soluble sugar content of Chinese cabbage and Chinese cabbage was increased by 15.7% and 7.0% respectively. After application of controlled-release fertilizers for vegetables, the changes in vitamin C and soluble sugar content in kale were not significant, which may be due to the dilution effect of the significant increase in kale production. From the change of nitrate content in vegetables, the one-time application of vegetable controlled-release fertilizer before sowing has the tendency of reducing nitrate content. Among the three demonstration sites in this experiment, there are two demonstration sites where the nitrate content of vegetables has decreased significantly. One demonstration site At the same level, the average nitrate content in vegetables decreased by 9.9%. 2. Effect of controlled-release fertilizer on growth and yield of vegetables One-time application of controlled-release fertilizer, Chinese cabbage, Chinese kale, and Chinese cabbage grow generally quickly and rapidly in the initial stage of growth. The growth is strong in the middle stage, the leaves are thick green, and the leaves are thick. The phenomenon of defertilization was found about 3 days earlier than conventional fractional fertilization. After the application of controlled-release fertilizer in Chinese cabbage, the yield per mu was 340-664 kilograms for each demonstration site, and the average yield was 517 kilograms, which was an increase of 45 kilograms and an increase in production rate of 9.4% compared with conventional split fertilization treatments. According to statistics, there are six demonstration points in the eight vegetable heart demonstrations that show increased or normal production, accounting for 75%; two points have reduced production, accounting for 25%, and the reason for the decrease is the occurrence of torrential rain at the seedling stage, resulting in uneven growth. . The average yield increase of controlled-release fertilizers at Kale demonstration sites was 245 kg, with an increase rate of 27.1%. Cabbage demonstration sites increased average production by 11 kilograms, an increase of 2.0%. 3. Analysis of Benefits of Controlled-Release Fertilizer Applied to Vegetables This experiment was conducted in specialized farms. These farms are more sophisticated in production management than farmers, and they pay more attention to the profitability of vegetable production. After controlled-release fertilizers were applied to vegetables, the amount of fertilizers and fertilizers were reduced compared with conventional fractional fertilization, the production cost was reduced, and the yield of vegetables was increased. Therefore, the production profits all increased significantly. The average profit per acre was higher than conventional fractional fertilization. The processing of cabbage increased by 109 yuan, kale increased by 406 yuan, and cabbage increased by 61 yuan. III. Results and Discussion 1. Vegetable is a crop that requires more fertilizer. In addition to the application of basal fertilizer, it is generally necessary to apply topdressing fertilizer once every 6-8 days. Once defertilization occurs, it will seriously affect the yield and quality of vegetables. . The results of the application of controlled-release fertilizers in vegetables show that leaf vegetables contain 40-50 kg of controlled-release fertilizer on a one-a-basic basis, and the fertilizer effect can fully meet the needs of the whole growth period of the demonstration crop. The application of controlled-release fertilizer to vegetable production not only reduces the amount of fertilizer, but also minimizes the number of fertilizer applications, reduces production costs, and increases production efficiency. 2. Controlled-release fertilizer applied to vegetables in the production of leafy vegetables. Compared with conventional fractionated fertilization methods, the stem diameter and single stem weight of Chinese cabbage and Chinese kale increased, and the vitamin C and soluble sugar content in Chinese cabbage and Chinese cabbage were increased. Also significantly improved. The results of this experiment showed that the average yield per acre of cabbage was increased by 45 kilograms, and the production profit was increased by 109 yuan; the output of kale was increased by 245 kilograms on average and the production profit was increased by 406 yuan; the yield of cabbage was increased by an average of 11 kilograms and the production profit was increased by 61 yuan.
Astragalus Membranaceus, also known as Mianqi. Herbs perennial, 50-100 cm tall. The main roots are thick, woody, often branched and gray-white. Stems erect, upper branched, finely angled, white pubescent. Herbs perennial, 50-100 cm tall. It is produced in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Gansu, Heilongjiang and other places.
The medicinal use of Astragalus membranaceus has a history of more than 2000 years. It has the functions of enhancing immune function, protecting liver, diuresis, anti-aging, anti-stress, antihypertensive and a wide range of antimicrobial activities. However, it is forbidden to use the evidence of excessive superficial pathogenic factors, stagnation of qi stagnation and dampness, stagnation of food accumulation, excessive heat and toxicity at the beginning of carbuncle or after ulcer, and excessive Yin deficiency and yang.
Astragalus Membranaceus
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