In a certain range, maize yield increased with the increase of fertilizer application. Correctly determining the amount of fertilizer is an important issue to achieve high yield, stable production, and high efficiency of corn. How to determine the amount of fertilizer is a very complicated issue. When the corn grows and develops production, the absorbed nutrients are both the nutrients stored in the soil and the nutrients applied to the fertilizer in the current season. The amount and proportion of nutrients absorbed from soil storage or fertilizer are also affected by many factors, so it is difficult to accurately determine the amount of fertilizer. There are many ways to determine the amount of corn fertilization theoretically, but they are more complicated. Here are two methods for reference.
Where conditions permit, soil testing and fertilization can be carried out. Each nutrient content in the soil is measured once every 3 to 5 years, and then according to factors such as the amount of fertilizer required for corn, planned yield, soil fertility, and the fertilizer utilization rate in the current season, etc. The following formula roughly calculates the amount of fertilizer.
Fertilizer application amount = (planned output for a certain element demand - soil supply to a certain element) / (a ​​factor in fertilizer (%) fertilizer utilization in the season (%))
The utilization rate of fertilizers varies greatly. According to experiments, the utilization rate of organic farmyard fertilizers in the current season is about 30%, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizers is about 40% to 50% (to 40%), and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are about It is 30% to 40% (in 30%).
Asked how much fertilizer will be required to produce 500 kg of corn seed per mu? Assume that the soil nitrogen content is 17 kg per mu, phosphorus pentaoxide is 6.0 kg, and potassium oxide is 14.4 kg. The nutrient utilization rate in soil was 50% nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide was 70%, and potassium oxide was 30%. When the national fertilizer test (Table 10) yields an average of 500 kilograms per mu, the required nitrogen is 2.9 kilograms, phosphorus is 1.2 kilograms, and potassium is 2.4 kilograms for every 100 kilograms of grain produced. The urea, superphosphate, and potassium chloride are calculated. The application amount (urea contains 46% of available nitrogen, superphosphate contains 16% of available phosphorus, potassium chloride contains 50% of available potassium). According to the above formula:
Nitrogen Fertilizer (Urea) Demand (kg/mu) = (500/1002.9-1750%)/(46% 40%) = 32.16 (kg/mu)
In the formula, 14.5 is the nitrogen requirement for the production of 500 kilos of corn grain, 8.5 is the nitrogen supply per mu of soil, 0.46 is the nitrogen content of urea, and 0.4 is the utilization rate of urea in the season.
If the base fertilizer Mushi fertilizer 2000 kg, nitrogen fertilizer 0.45%, seasonal utilization of 30%, it is equivalent to 2.7 kg of nitrogen (20000.45% 30%), equivalent to 5.87 kg of urea.
The actual amount of urea per acre is 326-587-26.74 (kg)
The amount of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer can also be calculated according to the above method.
As far as most parts of the country are concerned, it is currently difficult to measure soil fertigation. Shandong is a summer corn, in order to grab time for sowing, organic fertilizer is rarely applied. According to the current soil fertility and yield levels, Shandong needs 100 kg of nitrogen for production. About 1 kilogram, about 1.4 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, and about 2.8 kilograms of potassium oxide to calculate the chemical fertilizer application amount of corn. The production practice has proved that under normal circumstances, using the amount of fertilizing determined by this office can not only achieve the planned production target, but also continuously improve the soil fertility, which is a relatively simple method. For example, Yantai City Agricultural Technology Station has a high soil fertility base (about 500 kg fertility) and plans to produce 750 people and 50 kilograms of corn. Calculated according to the nutrient requirement for 100 kilograms of grain yield, nitrogen 23.2 per acre is used. Kg, 11.0 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 23.6 kg of potassium oxide, (soil potassium deficiency, so more appropriate potassium fertilizer), the result yielded 757.9 kg of corn. The specific calculation method is as follows: Assume that the land is good, the former wheat yield is about 400 kg per mu, and the planned corn yield is 600 kg. How many urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride need to be applied?
Urea application amount (kg/mu) = (600/1003.1)/46% = 40.4 (kg/mu)
SSP application electricity (kg/mu) = (600/1001.4)/16% = 52.5 (kg/mu)
Potassium chloride application rate (kg/mu) = (600/1002.8)/50% = 33.6 (kg/mu)
If the former stubble wheat has more P fertilizer or the soil does not lack potassium (more than 120 mg of K per kilogram of soil), it can also use less phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
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