Membrane mechanical covering technology refers to a mechanized operation technology that the mechanical filming operation of agricultural crops is completed by mechanically, that is, a new agricultural mechanization operation technology adopting a film laminating machine to carry out the mechanized film coating operation of the film. Mechanized membranes have significant advantages over traditional artificial membranes.
First, the main technical advantages
1, saving plastic film mechanical film, film pulled tight, very strict cover, generally more than artificial film laying 1 kg per mu film (ultra-thin film), saving more than ten yuan, which can achieve significant savings benefit.
2. It saves only 0.05-0.08 man-hours for labor-saving mechanical film laying, and at least 3 labors per acre for man-made film laying. Each work hour is calculated at 20 yuan, saving 50 man-hours and saving man-hours cost.
3, when artificially filming farmer generally only in the 2-3 level wind operation, the wind can not be carried out slightly larger, and mechanical film can be in the 6-7 windy day operation, strong wind resistance, therefore, has a significant Role when robbing farmers.
4, to reduce labor intensity Artificial film laying soil preparation, fight drugs, sowing, film, pressure soil and other aspects need to be carried out separately, and mechanical film, machinery once into the ground, a few operations can be completed once, small filming machine can also be At the same time, 2-3 operations are completed, which can greatly reduce the labor intensity of farmers and increase production efficiency.
5. Increase the production of significant crops using plastic film covering technology, suitable for areas with low temperature and low accumulated temperature in mountain areas and semi-mountainous areas. By covering the seed (seedling) bed with plastic film, the ground temperature can be effectively increased, and the growth period and the accumulated temperature of the crop can be increased. Therefore, some mid-maturing and late-maturing varieties with long growing period can be planted accordingly. For corn, generally, the yield per mu is increased by 50-250 kilograms, and the effect of increasing production is very significant.
Second, the technical requirements of plastic film covering the existence of residual film recovery, crop seedlings, adding agricultural film input costs and other issues. Therefore, at present, it is mainly used in mountainous areas and semi-mountainous regions where there is less accumulated temperature and frequent early frost. The plain area is mainly used for economic crops, in order to grab the listing season for the purpose. The technical requirements that should be noted during the mechanical operation are:
1. Membrane selection The width of the membrane selected by the machine is preferably greater than 20-50 cm in width (畦). The film is compacted with neat end surfaces, and there are no residual film, broken head, twisted, broken film, etc. in the roll. Phenomenon, the film core quality is good, it is best to use ultra-thin film thickness 0.005-0.008 mm to reduce costs.
2. The large-scale land for equipment selection should be used for large-and-medium-sized equipment. The land should be scattered and scattered with small equipment. Machines should be maintained, installed and adjusted according to the instructions. The center of the hanging film should coincide with the center line of the machine tool, and both the opener, the laminating wheel, and the earth-covering device must be arranged symmetrically. The mounted machine should be horizontal and vertical. The distance between the opener of the filming machine and the width of the film should be less than 20-25 cm. The inclination angle of the film should be about 5 degrees. The outer edge of the film should be aligned with the outer edge of the film. The front end is 2-3 cm smaller than the rear end. Opener ditch depth should be the same. When the amount of soil to be covered is large, the depth of trenching should be increased. In particular, the effect of windbreak removal on the windy day is better.
Third, the operation of attention
1. When filming is started, the machine should be placed on the ground and the side of the machine, and the direction should be squared. Then, the film should be stretched, the laminator should be put down slowly, and the film edge should be pressed under the lamination roller. The hydraulic handle should be placed in the floating position. .
2, pull-type filming machine to slow down, so as not to pull off the film. The speed of locomotives should be uniform and can generally be controlled at 3-5 km/h.
3. During the operation of the unit, the number of parking stops should be reduced as much as possible. The machine operator should handle the quality problem in time.
4. When turning the ground, the unit with the fight drugs machine should first close the fight drugs machine, and then turn the machine after the lift.
5, windy day operation, the retaining plate should be adjusted after a good fixed, to prevent the wind blown to the membrane surface, there are fight drugs device laminating machine should try to block, to prevent liquid drift.
Fourth, the operating quality standards
1. The site preparation should be finely crushed and leveled. There should be no hard soil to prevent breaking the mulch.
2. The mulching film is smooth, with no obvious wrinkles, and the wrinkle height does not exceed 1 cm.
3. The mulch is closed tightly. The depth of the ditch is 8-10 cm. The thickness of the cover soil is not less than 5 cm. The width of the cover soil is 8-10 cm. The thickness of the cover soil on a windy day may be increased appropriately.
4. The mulch film is grounded, the overhead ratio is less than 3%; the film loss rate is not more than 1%; the hem film hem is no more than 3 cm; the mulch film offset is not more than 1.5%.
5, after the film shop, the lighting surface is reduced by 20-25 cm.
6. Machines equipped with anti-dosing devices should be capable of accurate and uniform spraying, and should not be heavy (leakage) spray.
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