Bergamot citron

Aliases: Citron, Sydney Five-Finger Citrus, Bergamot

Name History: According to legend, in the 29th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign (1690), an old monk from Anxi Jinbang was riding on Tiger Rock when he grafted tea tree branches onto a camphor tree (as mentioned in Zhuang Chanzhang's "Anxi Tea Industry Survey"). In the 43rd year of Kangxi (1705), it was introduced to Shifeng Village in Dapu, Yongchun. This oolong tea is known for its tightly knotted, plump, and curled leaves, which dry quickly and have a sleek, dark green appearance. It offers a rich, savory flavor, with a clear orange-yellow infusion and bright yellow-green leaves. Its unique style includes black tea characteristics with a red soup and red leaf veins, making it of very high quality. In 1996, bergamot was officially recognized as a premium tea plant in Fujian Province.

Origin: Originally from Southeast Asia, bergamot is now cultivated in various regions across China, including Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, and Yunnan. While it is rarely grown in Anxi County today, the main production area is Yongchun County. Small quantities have also been introduced to parts of Guizhou, Longdong, and Oubei.

Morphological Characteristics: Bergamot, scientifically known as *Citrus medica*, is also called five-fingered mandarin or bergamot. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree belonging to the Rutaceae family. The plant typically grows between 1-4 meters tall, with potted varieties reaching about 70 cm. Its white flowers are clustered among the leaves, often with a purple halo around the outer edges. The fruit is oval or oblong, with a cracked top that resembles petals. The skin is wrinkled and irregular in shape, but when mature, it turns golden yellow and emits a strong fragrance. As it ages, the fruit becomes bronzed, enhancing its quality.

The fruit ripening period spans from November to December, and the heaviest fruits can weigh up to 1500 grams.

Ecological Habits: Bergamot thrives in warm and humid climates. It prefers sunlight but is sensitive to intense heat, especially during seedling stages. It is not tolerant of cold temperatures; young shoots and leaves can suffer frost damage when exposed to temperatures below 0°C. The ideal temperature range for growth is 25–35°C. It requires well-drained, fertile, acidic sandy soil. The plant has strong budding ability, with the fastest growth occurring from April to June.

There are several types of bergamot depending on the region, such as bergamot, citrus, orchid hand, and others. Based on fruit shape, it can be classified as fist-shaped bergamot, where the fruit resembles a clenched fist, or finger-shaped bergamot, with a top that looks like fingers. Among these, the Lanfong hand, produced in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, is the most famous variety and considered the leader of the bergamot family.

Garden Use: The bergamot tree is vigorous and easy to grow, with lush foliage, large, uniquely shaped fruits, and a pleasant fragrance. It makes an excellent indoor plant and is often used for decoration in living spaces. Its elegant appearance and aromatic qualities make it a popular choice for both ornamental and practical purposes.

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