Maduramycin is a monovalent glycoside polyether ionophore antibiotic commonly used in poultry to prevent and treat coccidiosis. It is known for its broad-spectrum activity, high efficacy, low resistance development, and lack of residue, making it widely adopted in the industry. However, its usage requires extreme caution due to its narrow safety margin. The recommended dosage is very close to the toxic level, and improper administration can lead to serious consequences.
In one reported case, a farmer raised 3,300 two-month-old laying hens in two broiler houses. Some chickens showed signs of blood in their droppings. Following advice from a local veterinarian, Maduramycin was added to the feed at a concentration of 10 ppm, with 15 tons of the drug mixed into 1.5 tons of feed. Within half a day, about half the flock exhibited symptoms such as labored breathing, loss of appetite, and mucus accumulation. Concerned about the situation, the farmer immediately contacted the Animal Husbandry Bureau in Qing County, Hebei Province. The diagnosis was Maduramycin poisoning.
After implementing several supportive measures, the condition of the chickens improved the next day. On the third day, the veterinarian advised adding vitamin C (VC) to the water and feed. In one house, 1 kg of 99% VC was added to 400 kg of feed and 500 kg of water—seven times the recommended dose. By the fourth day, the chickens showed renewed signs of weakness, prompting the immediate discontinuation of VC. One week later, the flock returned to normal, with 56 deaths and over $1,000 in drug costs.
Pathological examination of 10 affected chickens revealed no specific lesions but included hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and intestinal hemorrhage, especially in the duodenum and cecal tonsils. Kidneys were also swollen and bleeding. Microbiological tests on heart, liver, spleen, and kidney tissues showed no bacterial growth after culture on MacConkey and nutrient agar, confirming that the issue was not infectious.
Based on clinical signs, necropsy findings, microbiological results, and drug history, the case was diagnosed as Maduramycin toxicity. Immediate action was taken: feeding of Maduramycin was stopped, and the chickens were given water supplemented with 5% dextrose and 0.1% VC to support detoxification and immunity. A 0.2% kidney detox solution was alternated with drinking water for three days, and severe cases received intramuscular vitamin C injections. Additionally, a feed supplement containing amino acids and vitamins was introduced. Chinese licorice was also used as a natural detoxifier, with 1–2 grams per chicken given as a decoction for three days. Symptoms improved within two days, and full recovery was observed after one week.
Experience and precautions emphasize the importance of strict dosing when using Maduramycin. Its therapeutic dose is typically 5 ppm, but exceeding 6.5 ppm can cause poisoning. Continuous use should not exceed five days. Although vitamin C is beneficial for antioxidant and immune support, excessive use can lead to adverse effects. It should never be administered without proper guidance.
When mixing Maduramycin into feed, it must be thoroughly distributed. The correct method involves first blending the drug with a small portion of feed, then gradually mixing it with the rest, and finally stirring seven to eight times to ensure even distribution. After administration, the feces should not be used as feed for other animals to prevent potential contamination or mold. Before using any medication, it is essential to confirm that the correct amount of Maduramycin has already been added to avoid accidental overdose. When using water-soluble formulations, special attention must be given to increased water consumption during hot weather, ensuring that total intake remains within safe limits to prevent toxicity.
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