Poplars have become a widely planted tree species in recent years due to their strong adaptability, rapid growth, ease of propagation, high yield, and simple processing. They are now the main species in fast-growing timber forests, shelterbelts, and urban and rural afforestation projects in plain areas. However, improper management and protection have limited the full potential of these trees, affecting the motivation of farmers to plant and care for them. To enhance the economic benefits of poplar cultivation, several key measures should be implemented:
1. **Fertilization and Watering**
Proper fertilization and irrigation are essential for improving tree nutrition, boosting growth, and shortening the harvest cycle. For poplars, nitrogen or compound fertilizers can significantly increase yield. Newly planted saplings should receive less fertilizer initially and later in the season. The best time for topdressing is between July and August, during the peak growth period, when the fertilizer will have a greater impact. Apply 0.1 kg of urea per tree by digging four small holes around the root zone, about 30 cm from the trunk, each 20 cm deep. Mix the fertilizer with soil and cover it. Fertilization should be combined with watering to maximize its effectiveness.
Watering should be done at least four times a year: before bud break in late March, during May and June to support leaf development, during summer droughts, and in November with frozen water. After watering, the soil should be tilled to prevent compaction. Newly planted poplars need one thorough watering after planting. In case of heavy rain, drainage should be ensured to avoid root damage. Also, because new trees have shallow roots, they may be prone to falling over after rain, so the soil should be supported and compacted to stabilize them.
2. **Bud Pruning**
Poplars produce many shoots, and timely pruning helps maintain a straight, well-formed trunk and improves the quality of the wood. Immediately after planting, buds below 50 cm should be removed. Keep more branches and leaves to increase photosynthesis, accumulate nutrients, and promote root development. In spring, before new growth begins, prune or shorten competing branches on the upper crown and remove weak branches beneath longer ones.
3. **Soil Loosening and Weeding**
After planting, it's important to protect young trees from human and animal damage and to control weeds. Soil loosening and weeding during the growing season help reduce competition for moisture and nutrients, improve soil aeration, and promote microbial activity. Loosen the soil to a depth of 5–10 cm, being careful not to damage the roots. At least one annual cultivation is recommended to prevent soil hardening. This can be done in late autumn or early winter, along with leaf removal, or during weeding in the growing season. The fallen leaves from poplar forests contain valuable nutrients, and combining cultivation with leaf removal helps maintain soil fertility and supports healthy forest growth.
4. **Disease and Pest Control**
Newly planted poplars often have weak roots and lower resistance, making them vulnerable to diseases like poplar canker, especially in dry spring conditions. Prevention methods include selecting resistant varieties, maintaining proper watering and fertilization, and applying a 100-fold solution of carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl. Common pests include leaf-feeding insects such as Populus ulmoides, Populus cynoides, Cylindrocladium moths, and the American white moth. These can be controlled with systemic insecticides like omethoate or beta-cypermethrin, diluted to 1500 times. Infected or dead trees should be removed promptly to prevent disease spread.
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