1. Tomato Late Blight on Tomatoes is the most serious disease of tomatoes in vegetable bases in the suburbs of Quanzhou. The annual loss due to late blight is 20-30%, and it can reach 80-90% in severe cases. The low temperature and raininess of the previous period is the best condition for the occurrence of late blight. It is expected that the incidence of tomato late blight in vegetable bases in the next stage will be more serious. The prevention and control of tomato late blight is introduced as follows:
1. Symptoms Seedlings, leaves, stems, and fruits can all be affected, but leaves and green fruits are the most affected. After the tomato was infected, the lesions on the leaves mostly started from the tips of the leaves or leaves, and they were initially dark brown spots with irregular spots. The expanded brown spot with large margins is not obvious; the lesions on the stem are dark brown, strips, and slightly sunken; the fruit lesions occur at the near fruit stalk of the green fruit and begin to appear gray-green cloud-like lump, which gradually becomes dark brown. The diseased area is relatively hard, slightly sunken, and there is a sparse white moldy material that is rotted when it is wet.
2. Causes of morbidity (1) Caused by fungal pathogens caused by Phytophthora infestans, spread by air currents and rain. (2) During the Spring Festival, the temperature of our city is basically maintained at 10~24°C, and the relative temperature is above 90%. The morning and evening fog is heavy and dewy, and it is raining continuously, forming conditions for the occurrence and epidemic of late blight.
(3) Due to the double-pole pruning method adopted in the suburbs of the city, the density is too high. During the Spring Festival, there was a lack of field management. The top dressing was not timely and the plants grew poorly. This caused the tomato blight of the city this year to be the most serious in several years.
3. Control measures (1) Avoid continuous cropping with tomatoes and potatoes. (2) Cultivation of sorghum, reasonable close planting, timely pruning, improvement of ventilation and light transmission conditions. Reduce the humidity in the field. (3) When a central diseased plant is found, remove diseased leaves, diseased fruit or plucking, and spray medicine around it to prevent the disease from spreading. (4) In the absence of disease, 1:1:200 Bordeaux mixture may be sprayed once every 7 days for 3 to 4 consecutive preventions. In the early stage of disease, 72% Kelu WP can be used 600 times; Keluoling 1000 ~ 1200 times; 58% thiram Mn-Zn wettable powder 800 times; can kill 2000 type 900 ~ 1000 times; 75 The chlorothalonil WP 500 times solution and 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 700 solution were sprayed alternately. After every 7 days, the application was repeated once every 3 days, and 3 to 4 times. The drug was stopped 7 days before harvest.
Second, tomato ulcers are warm and humid, with long periods of condensation and heavy rain, and heavy onset. There are greenhouses or greenhouse sprinkler irrigation, the fruit is easy to show symptoms.
1. Symptoms Seedlings can occur during the outcome period. Stem disease, internal browning, rainy or high humidity, bacteria pus spilled from the stem or petiole or attached to it, forming a white dirt, the stem later turned brown and hollow, and finally the whole plant withered, the upper top The leaves are blue and dry. If the disease occurs, a slightly raised white dot can be seen on the fruit surface, commonly known as the "bird's eye spot."
2. Prevention and control measures (1) More than 3 years of crop rotation with non-solanum crops, timely weeding to avoid the operation with water. (2) The diseased plants were found to be removed in a timely manner, spraying 77% of the powder that can be killed 500 times; 47% of Garethon WP; 600 times of benaprode; 1200 times of +72% of streptomycin.
Third, Botrytis cinerea my area base 4 to the onset of May, local farmers commonly known as "white rot."
1. Symptoms can harm flowers, fruits, leaves, and fruit is the most serious. When the fruit is infected, the peel is gray, soft rot, the disease minister produces a large number of gray green mold layer, the fruit is dehydrated and rigid; the leaf disease is mostly from the tip of the leaf, the lesion is “Vâ€-shaped inwards and outwards, and the water stain is shown at the beginning. , light brown, irregular edges, with a dark and light intertwined pattern, after the dry surface has gray mold causing the leaves to die; stem disease, also began to appear as water-soaked small spots, and later expanded into a long oval or strip shape, humidity A brownish brown mold layer grows on the lesions. Severe disease caused by death above.
2. Prevention and control measures (1) Strengthen ventilation, watering should be carried out in the morning, appropriate water control at the beginning of the disease, prevent overdose, and prevent condensation. (2) Remove the diseased fruit, diseased leaves and lateral branches timely after the onset of disease, concentrate burned or buried deeply, and prevent littering, resulting in human transmission. (3) medication during the key period. Pharmacy can be used with 50% fasting WP 2000 times solution or 50% acetaminophen wettable powder 1500 times or 50% acetaminophen WP 2000 times plus 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times, separated by 7 ~10 days once, a total of 3 to 4 times.
Fourth, stem blight tomato â’ˆ pedicle stem blight, also known as black mold, the main stems and fruit damage, and can damage the leaf petiole, stem occurs wound is infected, early lesion oval, brown ulcer-like recess, The cul-de-sac extends upwards and downwards to the entire plant, and the severe disease becomes a dark brown dry rot and can invade the vascular bundle. The fruit was infected and the disease started as a grayish white patch, followed by a darkening of the lesion and the color became darker and darker, resulting in black mold and fruit rot.
2. Control measures (1) Selection of resistant varieties. (2) Clean the garden in time after harvest. (3) In case of spraying at the early stage of disease, 1:1:200 times Bordeaux fluid or 50% thiophanate-methyl 700-1000 times fluid or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times or 50% acetaminophen wettable may be used. Powder 1000 ~ 1500 times, once every 7 ~ 10 days, continuous 3 ~ 4 times.
Fifth, tomato umbilical rot disease is a kind of physiological disease caused by the lack of calcium and water supply disorders. In general, it is easy to induce the disease after a rainy period immediately followed by a drought, or a lot of water in the early stage, and no irrigation or drought in the later period. Tomatoes grown in sandy loam or shallow soils are also susceptible to disease.
1. Symptoms generally occur only on tomato fruits. When the disease occurs, water-stained dark green patches occur near the umbilicus of the young fruit. The edges are not obvious. After the enlargement, it is gray-brown to black, subsiding and flat, on the surface of the diseased part. Often produces dark green or pink old things. Fruit often turns red earlier.
2. Control measures (1) Strengthen field management and maintain even water supply. (2) To select a soil with deep soil layer, high organic matter content, and strong water retention ability to grow tomatoes. (3) Increase calcium fertilizer to avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. Appropriate addition of lime within 30 days after fruit set in tomato, or extra-root top dressing with 1% calcium chloride or 0.1% calcium nitrate.
1. Symptoms Seedlings, leaves, stems, and fruits can all be affected, but leaves and green fruits are the most affected. After the tomato was infected, the lesions on the leaves mostly started from the tips of the leaves or leaves, and they were initially dark brown spots with irregular spots. The expanded brown spot with large margins is not obvious; the lesions on the stem are dark brown, strips, and slightly sunken; the fruit lesions occur at the near fruit stalk of the green fruit and begin to appear gray-green cloud-like lump, which gradually becomes dark brown. The diseased area is relatively hard, slightly sunken, and there is a sparse white moldy material that is rotted when it is wet.
2. Causes of morbidity (1) Caused by fungal pathogens caused by Phytophthora infestans, spread by air currents and rain. (2) During the Spring Festival, the temperature of our city is basically maintained at 10~24°C, and the relative temperature is above 90%. The morning and evening fog is heavy and dewy, and it is raining continuously, forming conditions for the occurrence and epidemic of late blight.
(3) Due to the double-pole pruning method adopted in the suburbs of the city, the density is too high. During the Spring Festival, there was a lack of field management. The top dressing was not timely and the plants grew poorly. This caused the tomato blight of the city this year to be the most serious in several years.
3. Control measures (1) Avoid continuous cropping with tomatoes and potatoes. (2) Cultivation of sorghum, reasonable close planting, timely pruning, improvement of ventilation and light transmission conditions. Reduce the humidity in the field. (3) When a central diseased plant is found, remove diseased leaves, diseased fruit or plucking, and spray medicine around it to prevent the disease from spreading. (4) In the absence of disease, 1:1:200 Bordeaux mixture may be sprayed once every 7 days for 3 to 4 consecutive preventions. In the early stage of disease, 72% Kelu WP can be used 600 times; Keluoling 1000 ~ 1200 times; 58% thiram Mn-Zn wettable powder 800 times; can kill 2000 type 900 ~ 1000 times; 75 The chlorothalonil WP 500 times solution and 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 700 solution were sprayed alternately. After every 7 days, the application was repeated once every 3 days, and 3 to 4 times. The drug was stopped 7 days before harvest.
Second, tomato ulcers are warm and humid, with long periods of condensation and heavy rain, and heavy onset. There are greenhouses or greenhouse sprinkler irrigation, the fruit is easy to show symptoms.
1. Symptoms Seedlings can occur during the outcome period. Stem disease, internal browning, rainy or high humidity, bacteria pus spilled from the stem or petiole or attached to it, forming a white dirt, the stem later turned brown and hollow, and finally the whole plant withered, the upper top The leaves are blue and dry. If the disease occurs, a slightly raised white dot can be seen on the fruit surface, commonly known as the "bird's eye spot."
2. Prevention and control measures (1) More than 3 years of crop rotation with non-solanum crops, timely weeding to avoid the operation with water. (2) The diseased plants were found to be removed in a timely manner, spraying 77% of the powder that can be killed 500 times; 47% of Garethon WP; 600 times of benaprode; 1200 times of +72% of streptomycin.
Third, Botrytis cinerea my area base 4 to the onset of May, local farmers commonly known as "white rot."
1. Symptoms can harm flowers, fruits, leaves, and fruit is the most serious. When the fruit is infected, the peel is gray, soft rot, the disease minister produces a large number of gray green mold layer, the fruit is dehydrated and rigid; the leaf disease is mostly from the tip of the leaf, the lesion is “Vâ€-shaped inwards and outwards, and the water stain is shown at the beginning. , light brown, irregular edges, with a dark and light intertwined pattern, after the dry surface has gray mold causing the leaves to die; stem disease, also began to appear as water-soaked small spots, and later expanded into a long oval or strip shape, humidity A brownish brown mold layer grows on the lesions. Severe disease caused by death above.
2. Prevention and control measures (1) Strengthen ventilation, watering should be carried out in the morning, appropriate water control at the beginning of the disease, prevent overdose, and prevent condensation. (2) Remove the diseased fruit, diseased leaves and lateral branches timely after the onset of disease, concentrate burned or buried deeply, and prevent littering, resulting in human transmission. (3) medication during the key period. Pharmacy can be used with 50% fasting WP 2000 times solution or 50% acetaminophen wettable powder 1500 times or 50% acetaminophen WP 2000 times plus 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times, separated by 7 ~10 days once, a total of 3 to 4 times.
Fourth, stem blight tomato â’ˆ pedicle stem blight, also known as black mold, the main stems and fruit damage, and can damage the leaf petiole, stem occurs wound is infected, early lesion oval, brown ulcer-like recess, The cul-de-sac extends upwards and downwards to the entire plant, and the severe disease becomes a dark brown dry rot and can invade the vascular bundle. The fruit was infected and the disease started as a grayish white patch, followed by a darkening of the lesion and the color became darker and darker, resulting in black mold and fruit rot.
2. Control measures (1) Selection of resistant varieties. (2) Clean the garden in time after harvest. (3) In case of spraying at the early stage of disease, 1:1:200 times Bordeaux fluid or 50% thiophanate-methyl 700-1000 times fluid or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times or 50% acetaminophen wettable may be used. Powder 1000 ~ 1500 times, once every 7 ~ 10 days, continuous 3 ~ 4 times.
Fifth, tomato umbilical rot disease is a kind of physiological disease caused by the lack of calcium and water supply disorders. In general, it is easy to induce the disease after a rainy period immediately followed by a drought, or a lot of water in the early stage, and no irrigation or drought in the later period. Tomatoes grown in sandy loam or shallow soils are also susceptible to disease.
1. Symptoms generally occur only on tomato fruits. When the disease occurs, water-stained dark green patches occur near the umbilicus of the young fruit. The edges are not obvious. After the enlargement, it is gray-brown to black, subsiding and flat, on the surface of the diseased part. Often produces dark green or pink old things. Fruit often turns red earlier.
2. Control measures (1) Strengthen field management and maintain even water supply. (2) To select a soil with deep soil layer, high organic matter content, and strong water retention ability to grow tomatoes. (3) Increase calcium fertilizer to avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. Appropriate addition of lime within 30 days after fruit set in tomato, or extra-root top dressing with 1% calcium chloride or 0.1% calcium nitrate.
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