“Lab is the heart of a modern university.†Since the establishment of the Cavendish laboratory, modern laboratories have been through more than 120 years. The establishment of China's colleges and universities is also celebrating its 100th anniversary in the 21st century. The laboratory of colleges and universities is an important place for conducting experimental teaching and carrying out scientific research. To establish a first-class university, it is necessary to build a number of first-class laboratories. This has become the consensus of colleges and universities. At present, the education model of developed countries in the world, whether it is the United States, Germany, or our neighboring Japan, pays enough attention to experimental teaching. The construction of laboratories is not hesitant to invest heavily, so how can we carry out under the existing conditions? The construction of laboratories for the 21st century is a question worthy of discussion and research. "The road is long and the road is long, and I will go up and down." In recent years, according to the requirements of the construction of the “211 Projectâ€, the promotion of experimental teaching and laboratory construction has become the top priority of the rapid development of colleges and universities.
At the same time, the equipment of colleges and universities is the weight of the development of university laboratories. It is the material basis and necessary conditions for running a school. It reflects the school's teaching quality, scientific research level and management level to a certain extent, and is also one of the symbols of school strength. With the increase in the investment in university laboratory construction in recent years, how to give full play to the investment efficiency of equipment and equipment and improve the utilization rate of equipment is an important research topic in the construction and management of laboratories. However, with the increase in the investment in education in higher education institutions, a prominent problem has emerged, that is, the utilization rate of instruments and equipment is not high, and large-scale precision instruments and equipment are idle for a long time. How to improve the utilization rate of laboratory equipment is of great significance for the development of efficient laboratory construction.
1. Current laboratory construction at all levels of schools
During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, in order to closely cooperate with the full implementation of nine-year compulsory education, all localities have incorporated universal experimental teaching and various laboratory work into the overall development and reform of basic education, and incorporated them into the "Pujiu" plan, laboratory construction. The work has been further strengthened and improved. During the "10th Five-Year Plan" period, with the rapid development of the country's political, economic, and educational reforms, the "two basics" attack, "Pujiu" and "Practical" continue to develop, school education equipment The work has achieved continuous and rapid development, and the school laboratory construction and equipment water supply have been steadily improved. The experimental teaching popularization rate and the number of school laboratories and the area up to standard have been greatly improved. It is the fastest and best laboratory construction in China. During the period, it laid a solid foundation for further development under the new situation.
At present, the construction of school laboratories in China is developing rapidly, and the overall situation is increasing year by year. By the end of 2004, the total amount of laboratory equipment in middle schools reached 723,556,200 yuan, and the number of laboratories (research, rational, and raw) was 222,180, with an area of ​​20,591,300 square meters. Meter. However, due to the increase in the adjustment of the layout structure of primary and secondary schools in recent years, the number of schools has generally declined, and the scale of school operations has increased. Due to the increase in the number of students in school, the growth of laboratory area and laboratory equipment has not increased. At the same time, the national average rate of demonstration experiments of science, technology and health reached 93.62%, 93.89% and 88.23%, respectively; the average rate of group experiment was 90.65%, 90.19% and 84.08% respectively. However, disciplines, school differences, and regional differences are large. The experimental opening rate is better than chemistry, and the chemistry is better than biology. The demonstration experiment is better than the group experiment; the high school is better than the junior high school; the provincial key middle school is better than the city level, and the city level is better than the ordinary middle school. This shows that the use of the laboratory is constantly improving.
In recent years, the laboratory construction and experimental teaching of normal schools at all levels have been developed to varying degrees. The experimental teaching conditions of some schools have improved and the results are remarkable. However, from the situation of most schools, there is still a big gap compared with the most basic requirements that experimental teaching should achieve. According to the statistics at the end of 1984, the average number of ordinary colleges and universities (including junior colleges) in the country is 6.1 million yuan per school. The average value of teaching and research equipment per school is 6.1 million yuan, of which 48 universities and colleges have an average of 5.63 million yuan per school. The average teacher's college has an average of only 620,000 yuan per school (the former Ministry of Education has set up a minimum of 1.17 million yuan for the physics, chemistry, and biology of the division, which means that the minimum requirements for experimental equipment is 1.17 million yuan). The situation of equipment is not as good as that of other types of institutions of higher learning, and it is difficult to guarantee the basic requirements of teaching. As for the secondary normal schools, the shortage of experimental equipment is even more serious. Many schools are not as good as the average secondary school.
2. Problems existing in the construction of university laboratories
At the same time, we should be soberly aware that at this stage, China's laboratory construction as a whole is still low-level, incomplete and uneven. The popularity of experimental teaching is still not high, and the tasks faced are very arduous. From the investigation and research, we have found many problems.
First of all, the overall level of experimental teaching is worrying. Insufficient understanding, insufficient attention; insufficient laboratory conditions and insufficient equipment; on the other hand, laboratory equipment is inefficient use and serious waste of resources; improper experimental teaching methods, and a large gap compared with the requirements of new curriculum standards and new curriculum reforms . Experimental teaching and laboratory construction are far from meeting the requirements of the new curriculum standards and need to be reformed. The size and number of laboratories still do not meet the needs of teaching, especially the need for new courses. Most schools have insufficient experimental rooms, and there is no separate laboratory, preparation, instrument, and drug rooms. In some areas, the number of students and parallel classes increased in recent years, and the teaching rooms could not be increased in time. As a result, the laboratories of some schools were crowded, resulting in a decrease in the number of laboratories and a decrease in the laboratory area per student.
Secondly, some laboratory infrastructure facilities (such as doors and windows, integrated wiring systems, lighting, ventilation, etc.) are incomplete (such as no water and sewage pipelines) or aging (wires are aging, sockets are loose, there are potential safety hazards), and the degree of standardization is low. Laboratory fixed facilities (such as writing boards, podiums, power supplies, water sources, etc.), experimental equipment (such as instrument cabinets, laboratory tables, etc.) are not in place, not matched, not standardized or obsolete. In addition, the development of the region and urban and rural areas is uneven and the difference is large. In many remote and poverty-stricken areas, the funds for laboratory construction are seriously insufficient, showing a trend of declining year by year. In some areas, there are even zero inputs. In many mountainous counties, middle schools and rural areas, enterprise middle schools, and private middle schools do not have standard laboratories. The basic experimental instruments are lacking, the experimental opening rate is very low, and the task of popularizing experimental teaching is very arduous. At the same time, the construction of laboratories in some developed regions has reached a high level. In many areas, the general education system has been equipped with some “model schoolsâ€, and some places have already raised the issue of secondary reform of primary and secondary schools. However, in some areas, there are blind followers, flashy phenomena, serious psychological comparisons, lectures, blind installation equipment (especially ventilation systems), luxury laboratories become furnishings, use efficiency is not high, and waste of funds is serious.
In recent years, the investment in modern educational equipment has grown rapidly, the overall level of investment in experimental equipment has been low, and the proportion of government investment as the main body of responsibility is low. The funding gap between provinces, municipalities and districts is very prominent and cannot fully meet the needs of experimental teaching reform. At the same time, due to the backward management, the application, purchase, use and maintenance of experimental instruments, the addition and supplement of experimental consumables, the integration of laboratory resources, the opening of the laboratory and the function of the laboratory are limited.
3. How to improve the equipment utilization rate of university laboratories
Since the reform and opening up, China's colleges and universities have developed rapidly and the scale of running schools has continued to expand. The investment in experimental equipment has also increased exponentially. Generally, under the beginning of 2000, the annual investment of experimental equipment is more than 10 million yuan, and the key institutions are over 100 million yuan or over 100 million yuan. With the increase in the investment in university laboratory construction in recent years, how to give full play to the investment efficiency of equipment and equipment and improve the utilization rate of equipment is an important research topic in the construction and management of laboratories, and improve the utilization rate of equipment and equipment. It is to improve the efficiency of investment. However, the construction and management of the laboratory is a systematic project, and every link is very important. Only the laboratory construction plan is well done, and it is closely integrated with the subject profession and curriculum; the school's special fund quota is allocated reasonably; the equipment selection is scientific and advanced, and the argumentation is sufficient; the laboratory's daily management mechanism is advanced, and the laboratory equipment is utilized. The rate can be improved and the investment benefits can be reflected.
First of all, good laboratory construction planning is the premise to improve the utilization rate of instruments and equipment. There are many kinds of classification methods in the laboratory. According to the main disciplines, they will be divided into physical laboratories, chemical laboratories, biological laboratories, etc. Each subject has a different teaching purpose, so correspondingly, the requirements of each laboratory are different. Scientifically developing laboratory construction for 3-5 years is the primary task of laboratory work. The task of planning is to unify goals and methods, needs and possibilities, technology and economics, current and long-term factors, and plan laboratory construction with minimal investment and maximum efficiency. Planning is the blueprint for development, and scientific planning is the biggest savings. At the time of planning, it is necessary to distinguish the primary and secondary, so that the laboratory can meet the basic requirements, and at the same time, it can make some of the labs of the school have outstanding characteristics compared with similar schools. Therefore, in the construction, we should concentrate on limited manpower, material resources and financial resources, and focus on investing in basic laboratories, professional basic laboratories, and key laboratories with large student income. After laying the foundation, it is possible to make a special feature. The specific content of the laboratory construction plan should include experimental task planning, laboratory personnel planning, funding planning, laboratory housing area planning, environmental condition planning, experimental schedule planning, etc., comprehensive considerations to determine the scale of the investment and the specific needs facility.
Secondly, the selection and demonstration of laboratory equipment is the key to improving the utilization rate. After the laboratory construction planning is completed, it is also crucial to do a good job in equipment selection and demonstration during the implementation planning process. This process is a key factor in ensuring utilization. The selection of laboratory equipment should be determined according to the laboratory construction objectives and experimental teaching tasks or scientific research tasks. When configuring the equipment, it is necessary to follow the principle of advanced technology, functional use, and economic rationality, and allocate cost-effective equipment as much as possible. For the selection of experimental instruments, there must be clear standards and detailed arguments, and it is necessary to fully grasp the performance requirements of test equipment. In the process of equipment selection, in addition to comprehensive technical performance, at the same time, you should also grasp the market price information, and make an instrumental equipment configuration that combines advanced, practical, durable, reliable and economical. plan. Especially when it comes to electronic information equipment with short service life and fast update speed, it should be purchased with caution. More research into the brother school will help to select the equipment.
In short, giving full play to the investment and use efficiency of university laboratories is a closed-loop process that requires consideration of the whole situation and attention to each link. Therefore, if a university's laboratory wants to make use of its investment, it should start thinking about it from the moment of preparation, do a good job, allocate funds, plan well, choose equipment, and do a good job in the laboratory. Management, etc., does require the school management level and the cooperation and cooperation of various departments.
Disposable Nonwoven 3Ply Face Mask
Child Disposable Facemask,,Civilian Protection Personal Health Face Mask,Disposable Nonwoven 3Ply Face Mask
Dongguan Keyutai Mask Co., Ltd. , https://www.maskkytai.com