Chrysanthemum is one of China's ten traditional famous flowers, graceful, colorful and beautiful. Potted chrysanthemums are planted in short stature, brightly colored flowers, and the leaves do not fall off. If the plants are too high, the ornamental effect will be affected. To dwarf chrysanthemum, measures can be taken from:
First, the choice of species. The dwarf varieties and dwarf cutting chrysanthemum varieties were selected. The family was cultivated mostly as a desk flower chrysanthemum, which has the advantages of short stature, leafy leaves, large flowers, bright colors, long viewing period, and short growing period. The dwarf cultivars in the desk include "Xu Tao" and "Ling Bo Fairy". When selecting cuttings, cuttings should be cut from the mother plants with short internodes and thick stems in the same variety, and the resulting chrysanthemums will be relatively short.
Second, delay the cutting time. Chrysanthemum conventional cutting time in April to May, when the temperature, humidity and other environmental factors are suitable cutting rooting, conducive to cutting survival. Delaying the cutting time actually shortens the vegetative growth period of the chrysanthemum and can achieve the purpose of dwarfing the plants. The cultivation of multiple chrysanthemums can be postponed until mid-July, and the cultivation of monochtheria can be delayed until early August. At this time, the air temperature is high, the air is dry, and the survival rate of the cuttings is affected. The following measures should be taken: The top branches with strong growth vigor, thick stems, no pests and diseases, and semi-lignification are selected as the cuttings, leaving few leaves. Remove the lower leaves of the cuttings, leaving only the upper 2 to 4 leaves to reduce water consumption. Cut with the scissors to prevent the leaves from losing water. The base of the cuttings was immersed in a 0.05 GGR (plant growth regulator) solution for 30 to 60 minutes. After the plug is placed in a cool place to maintain shade or shady shed to prevent direct sunlight, take a plastic shed, increase air humidity. Spray the leaves twice a day to keep the leaves moist. Do not allow water to flow into the basin when spraying. This not only meets the chrysanthemum's need for water, but also prevents water accumulation and causes rot.
Third, shallow plug shallow planting. The shallow insertion can avoid the influence of high temperature and dryness, increase the survival rate of cuttings and reduce the height of the chrysanthemum. The method is to insert the cuttings into the basin soil 3 to 4 cm, hand compaction of the soil, pouring a water permeable. After half a month, the cuttings remained green, indicating that they had taken root and survived. One month after cutting, the first transplant can be performed. When transplanting, it should be planted in shallow depth, and the excessive water and nutrients will lead to plant growth. After transplanting, firstly put it in a cool and shaded place to maintain it. After the seedlings are slowed, move them to sunny place and let them receive more light. The second transplant seedling also had to be planted. The potted earth was first buried in about half the height of the pot, and then gradually covered with the height of the stem of the chrysanthemum, which can achieve the purpose of dwarfing the height of the plant, and causes new roots to be buried in the stems buried in the soil. The plant's ability to absorb nutrients encourages chrysanthemums to grow robustly and produce large blooms.
Fourth, control of water and fertilizer. To cultivate large dwarf-flowered chrysanthemums, the management of water and fertilizer must be carried out according to the principle of “pre-control and promotionâ€, that is, the water should be deducted in the early stage of vegetative growth, so as to prevent leggy and achieve the purpose of dwarfing the plants. In the late period of vegetative growth and the flowering stage of the pregnant buds, the amount of watering and fertilizing should be increased to promote the fullness of the flower buds, form a beautiful color and be neat and flowery. The specific approach is to control the watering in the early period of vegetative growth after the first transplanting. The pot soil should be dried slightly, and the watering should be carried out before noon. Fertilizer can be applied 0.1% urea or 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer. In the late period of vegetative growth, that is, after the second transplant, the fertilization amount has to be increased in addition to the high amount of fertilizer in the culture medium. Thin cakes are applied once a week, while foliar sprays of 0.1% to 0.2% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate are applied. Before budding, watering should be carried out according to the principle of "see dry see wet". If watering is too much, it will lead to leggy. After budding, the plant height is basically determined, which can increase the amount of watering, and in combination with watering more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, less nitrogen fertilizer to promote flower color. Stop the fertilization when the flower buds pass through, and reduce the amount of watering.
Fifth, picking hearts. Chrysanthemum In addition to a single chrysanthemum, generally leave 5 to 7 flowers. To reach a dwarfed plant, two heart-pickups should be performed. The first time, after picking up the chrysanthemums to plant the seedlings, the main buds were removed on the top of 3 to 4 leaves. After budding, only one main bud with good growth and buds is left on each branch, and all other side buds are removed.
6. Use different culture media. The culture medium used for the first transplanting required loose, air permeability, and low fertility to promote multiple lateral roots of the seedlings. It can be prepared with 40% rot, 40% river sand and 20% garden soil, and be used after disinfection. In addition to the strong permeability, the second transplanted culture medium requires a higher fertility and a long-lasting fertilizer effect to meet the needs of pregnant buds and flowering. It can be prepared with 10% cooked cake, 50% rot, 35% sandy loam and 5% quick-acting phosphate fertilizer.
7. Spray plant growth regulators. Spraying a plant growth retardant can inhibit cell division and extension, thereby achieving the purpose of short internodes and dwarfing of plants. Commonly used hormones are BK, paclobutrazol, etc. The usage concentration is 0.1% to 0.2% compared to the long time. The method of use is: after one week of cutting, spray the top of the solution to the top of the seedlings for a long time to inhibit the growth rate of the top. One week after the basin, spray the solution for a longer period of time every 7 to 10 days. Until the buds emerge, there is no interruption in the middle. Spray time is appropriate in the evening, which is beneficial to plant absorption. Avoid spraying at noon so as not to cause injury.
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